Biological treatment
SSRIs stand for this
What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
The term used to describe the major goal of CBT.
What is cognitive restructuring?
These are two ways in which culture may impact treatment effectiveness.
Culture impacts
-how patients describe symptoms
-how likely patients are to seek help
-how likely patients are to adhere to treatment plan
- preferred method of treatment
What is randomized controlled trial?
A diagnosis of MDD can only be made if at least one of these two symptoms has been present nearly every day for two weeks or longer.
What is depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure?
This common side effect of SSRIs makes double-blind experiments difficult.
What is nausea?
What two cognitive processes need to be restructured during CBT for MDD?
What are negative schemas (about the world, the future, and yourself) and negative automatic thinking patterns (such as selective abstraction)?
Adapting an accepted treatment into a cultural context is known as this.
What is culturally sensitive treatment?
A common way of measuring treatment effectiveness is to look for a 50% reduction in symptoms, as measured on a depression symptom inventory, such as this.
What is Hamilton-D or Ham-D?
This is a benefit of CBT over SSRIs
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are agonists for these two neurotransmitters.
What are serotonin and norepinephrine?
What are pleasant activity scheduling, thought records, situation exposure hiearchies, and behavioral experiments?
These are 3 ways in which treatment might be culturally adapted.
language, matching culture of practitioner / other people in group therapy, goals, method, content
The percentage of people who see improvement using antidepressant therapy.
What is 50-60%.
(TADS - SSRIs alone saw 61% effectiveness at 12 weeks / 81% at 36 weeks.
Hollon - sustained (2+ years) effectiveness of ADM was only 30%)
This is the sample for TADS.
What is 439 adolescents (ages 12-17) from 13 clinics around the US.
The length of time necessary for antidepressants to become effective
What is 2 weeks or longer.
This is typical duration of CBT therapy.
What is 14-16 weeks?
Kalabatseva and Leong found evidence that these two factors increased treatment effectiveness.
What is incorporating culture specific goals (like respect and focus on family in Hispanic patients) and working to destigmatize mental illness?
Hollon et al 2005 conducted a type of experiment called this.
What is a placebo controlled discontinuation study?
This is the sample for Hollon et al 2005.
What is 104 patients with moderate to severe MDD selected from outpatient clinics near the researchers university, all of whom had been successfully treated by either ADM or CBT in a previous RCT by the researcher.
MAOIs work affect neurotransmitter levels in this way.
What is by blocking enzyme degradation of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine?
Kinzie found that only this percentage of SE Asian patients had the prescribed levels of antidepressants in their blood?
What is 15%.
This is a benefit of SSRI vs CBT
SSRIs typically work faster (as demonstrated in TADs)
CBT developed out of this psychologist's cognitive theory of depression.
Who is Aaron Beck?