easy words
define Antidotes
a remedy to prevent or counteract and adverse effect
a prejudicial inclination or predisposition that inhibits detrs or prevents impartila judgement
bias
Barnum effect
a phenomenon that refers to peoples willingness to acept uncritically the validity of Barnum statements
Availabilty heuristic
a cogniitve strategy to quickly estiimate the frequency or probbality of an event with what is retrievable from me,ry
the tendency to cling to ones beliefs , even in the face of contradictory or disconfirming evidence
belief perseverance effect
defne unidirectional causation
a relationship between two variables wherin oneis the cause and the other is the effect
cognitive bias
any systemic error in attribution that derivesfrom limits that are inherent in peoples cognitive abilities to process information
Barnum Statement
any generic one size fots all, description of or interpretation about a particular indiv. that is true of practically all human beings
heuristic
a mental shortcut for problem solving that reduces complex info
a mutual reciprocal relationship between two variables wherin eac is bot a cause and an effect of the other
Bidirectional causation
define metathoughts
thoughts about thought , which involve principles of critical thinking
Assimilation bias
the propensity to resolve discrepancies bewteen pre existing schemas and new information in the direction of assimilation rather than accomodation, even at the expense of distorting the informayion itself
to have impairment in social cognition- which is the ability to read the emotions and thoughts of other people
psychological perspective
Representativeness heuristic
a cognitive stratgey for quickly estimating he probbality that a given istance is a memmebr of a particular category
an active and systemic cognitive strategy to examone , evaluate and undestand events and sove problems and make decesions basedon sound reasoning and evidence
critical thinking
metathinking is defined as
the act of thinking about thinking , engaging ina critical analysis and evaluation of the thinking process
any condition in whch the availability heuristic produces systematic errors in thinking or information processing, typically due to highly vivid although rare events
A kind if magcal thinking - responsible for superstitious behaviors
Parataxic reasoning
Representativeness bias
any condition in which the representativeness heuristic produces systematic errors in thnking or information processing
a phenomenon wherein peoples attitudes, beliefs or assumptions about another person can, with or without their intent , actually produce the very behaviors that they had initially expected to find.
self fulfilling prophecy
a cognitive structure or representation that organizes ones knowldge , beliefs and past experiences
schema
motivational bias
any systemic error in attribution that derives from peoples efforts to satisfytheir own personal needs , such as the desire for self esteem, power or prestige
Twittification effect
the amplification and disproportionate influence of a limited number of voices via the use of mass media platforms
Fundamental attribution error
a bias in attempting to determine the casuses of peoples behavior that involves over estimating the influence of their personality traits
an error in thinking whereby the individual confuses or equates objective descriptions with subjectie value judgements
Naturalistic fallacy