Abnormal Psychology-Past and Present, and Research
The the "4 D's" of Abnormality.
Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger
The oldest psychological model.
The psychodynamic model.
The book that contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders
It is contended that people with this disorder hold a group of social beliefs and expectations that consistently work against them:
Unrealistically high social standards
Views of themselves as unattractive and socially unskilled
Belief that they have no control over their feelings of anxiety
Social Anxiety Disorder
This MUST be present for a person to be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder?
a manic episode
The movement to treat people in the community and in outpatient settings in order to reduce the use of inpatient settings.
Deinstitutionalization
The modality that has the strongest research base.
The Cognitive-Behavioral Model
One of the most prominent concerns with clinical observations.
Lack of validity.
The following symptoms begin within 4 weeks of the traumatic event and last for less than 1 month: Increased arousal, negative emotions, and guilt—individuals may startle more easily; have difficulty sleeping or concentrating; experience hyperalertness; experience anger, depression, or anxiety, or their moods may fluctuate wildly; and they feel guilt over having survived the trauma, either because others did not survive or because of what they had to do to survive
Acute stress disorder
Approximately 80 percent of all severe depressive episodes develop within two months of this.
A significant negative event
One of the main limitations of case studies.
Only a sample size of one person, observer bias, etc.
The model that is most concerned with social roles and labels.
The Sociocultural Model
Rorschach tests, Thematic Apperception Test, sentence-completion test, and drawings are examples of this type of test for personality.
Projective tests
Two or more weeks marked by five or more symptoms of: depressed mood and/or loss of interest in things enjoyed before; loss of pleasure; changes in sleep, appetite, or weight; psychomotor retardation or agitation; feelings of fatigue; decreases in concentration or decisiveness; feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or guilt; thoughts about death or suicide
Major Depressive Episode
The 2 bodily systems that are activated during the body's flight, fight, (freeze and fawn?) response.
Autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
A distinguishable difference between ancient views and modern views of mental illness.
Attribution to root cause of mental illness due to spiritual means.
The model focused on unconditional positive regard.
Humanistic Model.
The primary reason standardization of clinical assessments is essential.
Reliability: The consistency of an assessment measure; a good tool will always yield the same results in the same situation
Persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities
generalized anxiety disorder
Chronic headaches are an example of this type of disorder.
Psychophysiological Disorders
The scientific discovery that allowed the deinstitutionalization movement to advance.
Invention of antipsychotics.
What is the difference between equifinality and multifinality?
Equifinality is the understanding that many different pathways, or risk factors, may result in the same outcome. Multifinality is the understanding that a specific risk factor may result in a multitude of developmental outcomes
According to your textbook, this is the most influential factor on the "success" of participating in therapy.
Events in the client's life
People with this disorder display physical symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory functioning, but the symptoms are inconsistent with known medical diseases
Conversion disorder
The gain people derive when their somatic symptoms elicit kindness from others
secondary gain