Country & Culture
This word describes Aboriginal Peoples’ deep connection to land, waters, culture, spirituality and identity.
Country
What was the name of James Cook's ship?
Endeavour
The process of one country taking control of another place and establishing settlements there.
Colonisation
Who became the first Governor of New South Wales?
Arthur Phillip
British settlers occupying Aboriginal Country contributed to this process beginning with D.
Dispossession
Name two things that can be part of a person's connection to Country.
land, waterways, family, ancestors, spirituality, language, culture, Law, plants, animals.
In what year did Cook arrive at Kamay (Botany Bay)?
1770
Being deprived of Country, land or access to it.
Dispossession
In what year did Arthur Phillip arrive with the First Fleet?
1788
Name one resource Aboriginal Peoples could lose access to when settlers occupied Country.
Examples include water, hunting areas, food sources, plants or significant places.
True or false: For Aboriginal Peoples, Country simply means an area of land that someone owns.
False. Country involves complex relationships, responsibilities, identity, culture and belonging.
How long did the Endeavour stay at Kamay?
8 days
Having authority to govern a people or territory and make decisions about it.
Sovereignty
Phillip was originally instructed to establish what kind of relationship with Aboriginal Peoples?
Peaceful/friendly relations, including treating Aboriginal Peoples with amity and kindness.
Name one way Aboriginal Peoples responded to British colonisation.
Examples include resistance, negotiation, maintaining culture, defending Country, adapting, avoiding settlers or forming relationships with newcomers.
Give one important difference between Aboriginal relationships with Country and British colonial ideas about land.
Aboriginal Peoples have continuing relationships and responsibilities to Country, while British colonial systems treated land as property that could be claimed, granted, bought and sold.
When Cook and his crew attempted to land at Kamay, what did two Gweagal men do?
They opposed/resisted the landing.
Actions taken to oppose or fight against something. Aboriginal Peoples used many different forms of this during colonisation.
Resistance
Name one Aboriginal man who was captured during Phillip's governorship in an attempt to establish communication.
Woollarawarre Bennelong, Colebee or Arabanoo
Explain one way the expansion of British settlement could affect Aboriginal culture.
Examples include disrupting access to Country, cultural practices, significant places, food sources and community life.
Why did differences in worldviews about Country and land contribute to problems during colonisation?
British colonists claimed and occupied Country according to British ideas of sovereignty and property, disrupting Aboriginal Peoples’ existing relationships, rights and responsibilities to Country.
Cook's crew and the Gweagal people interpreted their encounter differently. What historical concept does this demonstrate?
Perspective
Explain how Country, culture and dispossession are connected.
Because Country is connected to culture, identity, spirituality and community, dispossession from Country could disrupt many aspects of Aboriginal life and culture.
Why should historians compare what governors said with what they actually did?
Because policies, instructions or written statements may differ from actions. Comparing sources gives historians a fuller understanding of events.
omplete the cause-and-effect chain:
British settlement expands → More Country occupied → _________ → Resistance and conflict
Dispossession / reduced access to Country and resources.