France Before Louis XIV/Absolute Monarchy
Why did Henry IV issue the Edict of Nantes?
Increasing religious violence led to his decision that Huguenots needed religious toleration
What was the name of the royal ceremony of rising where nobles were expected to help with tasks such as helping the king put on his shirt?
Levée
Why was the Austrian Empire challenging to rule?
It had many diverse peoples, cultures, and languages
Where did Peter the Great journey to learn more about technologies and ideas outside of Russia?
Western Europe
A system where one ruler has complete authority over the government and lives of the people is called…
Absolute monarchy
What religion did Henry IV convert to in order to show unity with the nation?
Catholicism
What group from society did Louis XIV often appoint to his government jobs?
Middle-class
What was the main goal of Prussia after the 30 Years War?
Take over lands to try to connect their holdings, increase royal power & the military
What city did Peter the Great build that was heavily inspired by the architecture of Western Europe?
St. Petersburg
What are Huguenots?
French protestants
What is one problem an absolute monarchy has in the long term?
- weak future leaders could cause the country to decline
- no one to the check a poor decision or policy
- people have no say, which could lead to future rebellions
Name three ways that Louis XIV centralized his power.
Didn’t call the Estates General, expanded the bureaucracy, strengthened the army, but tariffs on foreign goods to encourage French industry at home, got new colonies and grew wealthy from mercantilism
How did Prussia reduce the power of their nobles?
Gave them positions in the government and the army
Another word for Russian nobles is…
Boyars
What are indendants?
Royal officials who collected taxes and carried out the policies of Louis XIV
What are two ways that Henry IV strengthened the power of the monarch during his reign?
- reduced the power of the nobles
- increased the bureaucracy
- funded infrastructure (roads, canals, etc.)
What were two negative consequences that occurred when Louis XIV got rid of the Edict of Nantes?
- Huguenots left France
- caused a loss of skilled craftsmen, which hurt the economy
What are two ways that Maria Theresa ruled as an absolute monarch?
She reduced the power of the nobles & clergy by taxing them; she also reorganized the bureaucracy
Why did Russia want a warm-water port, and who successfully won a warm-water port for Russia?
- trade with the West
- Catherine the Great
Peasant farmers who worked the land for nobles and were also bound to it (meaning they could not leave it) were called…
Serfs
How did Cardinal Richelieu reduce the power of the nobles and the Huguenots in France? (give two examples)
He defeated their armies, and then gave the nobles high posts at court and in the army to tie them to the king
What was the War of Spanish Succession, and what was the result?
War over whether or not the grandson of Louis XIV could inherit the thrones of both Spain and France, uniting the two countries. France lost and had to agree that the thrones would never be united.
What three places (one within her own empire) did Maria Theresa receive help from during the war of Austrian Succession?
Hungary, Britain, Russia
What are three examples of how Peter the Great enforced Westernization in Russia?
- building St. Petersburg
- setting up Western academies for learning
- bringing in Western technology
What is mercantilism?
An economic theory where European countries gained wealth through a favorable balance of trade with their colonies (the colonies would provide raw materials, and the mother country would create manufactured goods)