Terms
Spain & England
France
German States
Central European Monarchs
100
European monarchs who rule without limits
What is absolute monarch?
100
these 7 provinces declared their independence from Spain
What are the United Provinces of the Netherlands/Spanish Netherlands? Seven provinces in the Spanish Netherlands rise up against high taxes. Most were Protestant and were against the strong Spanish Catholic influence In 1579, all seven of these provinces declared their independence from Spain Became the most important bankers in Europe
100
A declaration of religious tolerance towards Huguenots from Henry IV?
What is the Edict of Nantes? In 1598, Henry declared that the Huguenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities.
100
this war lasted from 1618 to 1648
What is the Thirty Years War? a conflict over religion, over territory, and for power among European ruling families.
100
the ruling family of Austria
Who are the Hapsburgs?
200
political idea that monarchs receive their power directly from God
What is divine right?
200
tries to take over England in 1588 but fails
Who is Phillip II? Spain becomes weaker because of the defeat
200
Louis XIII gave him absolute power, and he stripped the nobles of their power, castles and functions.
Who is Cardinal Richelieu? First, he moved against Huguenots. He believed that Protestantism often served as an excuse for political conspiracies against the Catholic king. Although Richelieu did not end the Huguenots’ right to worship, he forbade Protestant cities from having walls. He did not want them to be able to defy the king and then withdraw behind strong defenses. Second, he sought to weaken the nobles’ power. Richelieu ordered nobles to take down their fortified castles. He increased the power of government agents who came from the middle class. This action ended the need for the king to use noble officials
200
treaty that recognized Calvinism among the official religions and divided the Holy Roman Empire into more than 300 states. (Ending the 30 year war)
What is the Peace of Westphalia? The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended the war and had important consequences. First, it weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria. Second, it strengthened France by awarding it German territory. Third, it made German princes independent of the Holy Roman emperor. Fourth, it ended religious wars in Europe. Fifth, it introduced a new method of peace negotiation. In that method, still used today, all participants meet to settle the problems of a war and decide the terms of peace.
200
the ruling family of Prussia
Who are the Hohenzollerns?
300
the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain
Skepticism
300
ruler of England that avoided war, using diplomacy and improved the collection of taxes.
Who is Henry VII?
300
Who was France's ultimate monarch?
Who is Louis XIV (14th)? Louis devoted himself to helping France attain economic, political, and cultural brilliance.
300
Germans practiced this religion during the 30 years war
What is Protestantism? Several German Protestant princes challenged their Catholic emperor, Ferdinand. Thus began the Thirty Years’ War.
300
France lost its colonies in North America and Britain gained sole economic domination of India as a result of this war
What is the Seven Year's War?
400
this period foreshadowed the reign of absolute monarchs
What is the age of exploration?
400
two artist from the Golden Age of Spanish Art (2 terms)
Who are El Greco and Diego Velasquez El Greco’s techniques showed the deep Catholic faith of Spain. The paintings of Diego Velázquez showed the pride of Spain’s monarchy.
400
location of the Louis XIV's palace.
What is Versailles? Louis required hundreds of nobles to live with him at the splendid palace he built at Versailles, 11 miles southwest of Paris. Versailles was a center of the arts during Louis’s reign.
400
suffered the greatest loses of the 30 years war
What is Germany? The war did great damage to Germany. Its population dropped from 20 million to about 16 million. Both trade and agriculture were disrupted, and Germany’s economy was ruined. Germany had a long, difficult recovery from this devastation. That is a major reason that it did not become a unified state until the 1800s
500
Random: Great Britain + Ireland
What is the United Kingdom
500
the failed invasion of England with 130 ships.
What is the Spanish Armada?
500
Cardinal Mazarin ruled for which king?
Who is Louis XIV (14th) Cardinal Mazarin ruled for him until he was 23 years of age. When Louis became king in 1643, the true ruler of France was Richelieu’s successor. Mazarin’s greatest triumph came in 1648, with the ending of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace treaty made France the most powerful country in Europe
500
fought the 30 years war
Who are Catholic and Protestants?
500
Holy Roman Emperor and head of the Hapsburg family
Who is Ferdinand II
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