All Power to the Monarch
Louis XIV’s finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, strengthened royal power by promoting this economic policy that aimed to make France self-sufficient and increase exports.
Mercantilism
The Fronde was a series of uprisings led mainly by this social group, angry over royal taxes and loss of power.
The French nobility
This document, revoked by Louis XIV, had granted limited religious toleration to Protestants.
The Edict of Nantes
Signed in 1713, this treaty ended the War of the Spanish Succession and limited Louis XIV’s ambitions to place his grandson on the Spanish throne.
The Peace of Utrecht
Louis XIV’s nickname symbolized his role as the center of power and order.
The Sun King
Peter the Great created this system to reduce the power of the traditional boyar nobility by allowing state service to determine a person’s rank and status.
Peter the Great forced this traditional elite class to serve the state in the military or bureaucracy.
The Boyars
In 1685, Louis XIV issued this edict, revoking earlier protections for French Protestants and strengthening religious uniformity under the crown.
The Edict of Fontainebleau
Peter the Great’s long war against Sweden was fought to gain access to this body of water.
The Baltic Sea
Peter the Great built this Western-style city as a “window to Europe.”
St. Petersburg
This “Great Elector” unified Prussia’s territories by creating a permanent army funded by taxes
Frederick William I
Frederick William I had to negotiate with this powerful landowning class to strengthen his army.
The Junkers
Peter the Great replaced the Patriarchate of Moscow with this state-controlled religious body.
The Holy Synod
The Habsburgs sought to expand southward by fighting this empire.
The Ottoman Empire
The Habsburg emperors’ Baroque palace complex in Vienna projected their imperial might.
Schönbrunn Palace?
Ferdinand II reduced the power of these semi-independent regions after the Thirty Years’ War.
The Bohemian Estates
How did Peter the Great’s beard tax help him centralize power and weaken traditional elites in Russia?
By forcing boyars to conform to Western fashions and cultural norms, he challenged old traditions and asserted the state’s authority over social and religious customs, reducing resistance from conservative nobles.
For the Austrian Habsburgs, this religion was central to maintaining political authority and unifying their diverse territories, especially during and after the Thirty Years’ War.
Catholicism
Why was Peter the Great’s capture of Azov strategically important for Russian absolutism?
Because it provided Russia with a warm-water port, enabling year-round trade and naval power, enhancing the state’s economic and military strength, and supporting Peter’s goal of centralizing and modernizing Russia.
Peter the Great built this grand palace near St. Petersburg to showcase Russia’s modernization and the power of the tsar.
Peterhof
Louis XIV moved his government here to keep an eye on his nobles and symbolize centralized rule.
Versailles
Louis XIV weakened local authority by outlawing this Protestant group’s ability to freely practice their religion.
The Huguenots
Louis XIV and other absolutists claimed their power came from God through this political doctrine.
Divine Right of Kings
Under Louis XIV, France expanded its North American empire by acquiring this territory along the Mississippi River, which became a strategic base for trade and colonization.
La Louisiane (Louisiana)
Frederick William I emphasized this aspect of his state to display power and keep the nobility focused on service to him.
The military / militarized state