Vocabulary 1
A political system where a single ruler holds complete power
Absolutism
What revolution was a major inspiration of the Enlightenment?
Scientific Revolution
A movement of great thinkers and philosophers and their ideas
Enlightenment
When writing about the nature of man, he believed all men are born with individual freedoms and all are born equal. Who is he?
John Locke
The French word for philosopher
Philosophe
Areas of study like government, religion, economics, etc.
Social sciences
Montesquieu suggested that a monarchy should have three branches of government. The US actually adopted these three branches. What are they?
Executive, Legislative, and Judicial
Laws developed by philosophers that help govern human society
Natural laws
She thought that in order for women to assert their freedom, they must be educated "by the same pursuits as men." Do you know her name?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Elegant gatherings hosted by upper-class women where Enlightenment ideas were discussed and shared
Another term for logical thinking
Reason
What three natural rights did John Locke argue people are all born with?
Life, liberty, and property
The belief that reason is the main source of knowledge
Rationalism
He believed that allowing for a multitude of religions to exist and functions would allow people to "live happy and in peace." Who is he?
Voltaire
Concepts or truths that are applicable to all humans
Universal
The idea that kings and rulers get their power and authority from God and only answer to God
"The divine right of kings"
When William and Mary became the rulers of England, they changed it from an absolute monarchy into what?
A constitutional monarchy
Respecting all religious beliefs
Tolerance
This father of modern economics believed removing the government from economic decisions would grant people more freedoms.
Adam Smith
Government control of the economy to increase national wealth and power
Mercantilism
The idea that people give certain things up in order for government to function
Social contract
Oliver Cromwell defeated the Royalists and eventually had a hand in executing the king. Who was that king?
King Charles I
The idea that people are free to make their own economic choices
Laissez-faire economics
He believed women were naturally different from men and their role was to be obedient wives and nuturing mothers. Who is he?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A blank slate, having no built-in ideas or knowledge
"Tabula rasa"