Absolute Monarchs
Political system in which a ruler has complete authority over the government and the lives of the people
Absolute Monarchy
Political system in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers
Limited Monarchy
Intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism
The Enlightenment
The social hierarchy in France was known as the:
Three Estates
What new machine was responsible for the execution of thousands of French political enemies?
The guillotine
What is Divine Right?
Belief that the authority to rule came directly from God
What legislative body in England was responsible for checking and challenging the work of the monarch?
Parliament
How did Thomas Hobbes and John Locke differ in their views on people?
Hobbes = people are born “bad”
Always at war
Need strong gov/ absolute monarchy
Locke = people are born “good”
Can govern themselves
Created gov to protect natural rights
(Fill in the blank): The Declaration of the Rights of Man proposed __________ _________ for all male citizens.
Equal rights
What was the Reign of Terror?
Phase of the French Revolution when thousands were executed
What was the Edict of Nantes?
French law that granted religious freedom to Protestants
What happened to King Charles I after the English Civil War?
He was found guilty of treason and executed
According to John Locke, why were governments formed? In other words, what is the purpose of government?
To protect citizens’ natural rights
Why were neighboring European countries afraid of the French Revolution?
Fear that the revolution/ violence would spread to their countries
What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?
To defend against foreign and domestic enemies
How did the Five Great European Powers maintain a balance of power?
They formed alliances
What was the goal of the English Bill of Rights?
To limit the powers of England’s monarchs
How did the Enlightenment change people’s ideas about society and government? In other words, what is ONE thing people began questioning?
Role of government
Religion
Individual rights
What were TWO causes of the French Revolution?
National Debt (including taxes)
Economic Crisis (including food price increases)
Nobles’ Refusal to Reform
Inequality of the Three Estates
What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?
To create a lasting balance of power in Europe
What were TWO purposes of the Palace of Versailles?
To show France’s wealth and culture
To control the French nobles
To serve as a center of French political power
Describe the relationship between Charles I and Parliament.
Charles did not want to share power w/ Parliament
He ruled as an absolute monarch + dissolved Parliament
Separation of powers
Voting and participation in government
Protection of natural rights
Democracy
What were TWO effects of the French Revolution?
End of absolute monarchy
Three Estates abolished
Triumph of Liberalism (new ideas)
Increased Nationalism
Social changes/More equality (EX: Slavery abolished)
Aside from France gaining land, what was the overall impact of the Napoleonic Wars?
French armies spread the liberal ideas of the French Revolution