Random stuff that didn't really fit anywhere else
In _____ the monarch claims to hold all the power.
Absolutism
France's National Assembly was formed because____
of conflict between the 3 Estates.
According to ______ the sun was the center of the universe.
Copernicus
The English Civil War stemmed from issues relating to
disagreements about the operations within the Church of England
belief in Divine Right of Kings
Based on this excerpt, it can be concluded that Louis XIV
“Up to this moment I have been pleased to entrust the government of my affairs to the late Cardinal. It is now time that I govern them myself. You [secretaries and ministers of state] will assist me with your counsels, when I ask for them. . . . I request and order you to seal no orders except by my command . . . I order you not to sign anything, not even a passport . . . without my command; to render account to me personally each day and to favour no one.” — Louis XIV
Wanted to keep all power for himself.
______ is the belief that a single higher power created the world but does not interfere with it. This belief was widely held by Voltaire and other Enlightenment thinkers and scientists.
Deism
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was inspired by what other famous document.
The Declaration of Independence
This excerpt shows what about Hobbes and his beliefs?
“And therefore, they that are subjects to a monarch, cannot without his leave [permission] cast off monarchy, and return to the confusion of a disunited multitude; nor transfer their person from him that beareth it, to another man, or other assembly of men: for they are bound, every man to every man, to own, and be reputed author of all, that he that already is their sovereign [king], shall do, and judge fit to be done: so that any one man dissenting, all the rest should break their covenant made to that man, which is injustice: and they have also every man given the sovereignty to him that beareth their person. . . .”
— Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
The monarch's power is absolute and his subjects are bound to it.
After the Seven Year's War the British
saw the colonies as way to pay for the conflict through taxation
This excerpt shows that Peter the Great was a leader who ruled by
“According to these orders act, act, act. I won’t write more, but you will pay with your head if you interpret orders again.” — Peter the Great
Absolutism
The purpose of the Congress of Vienna was to
reset the French borders to match those of 1790.
establish a peaceful settlement between European nations.
restore the old order that existed before Napoleon’s rule.
The Storming of the Bastille, the National Convention, and the overthrow of the Directory are all key events of what major revolution?
The French Revolution
What can be concluded about late 1700's England based on this excerpt
“Contending for the rights of women, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious [ineffective] with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate, unless she know why she ought to be virtuous?” — Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman . . ., 1792
Women were under educated which means they were unable to fulfill their duties in English life.
How did The English Bill of Rights change the role of government?
By limiting the power of the monarch and moving government authority to a legislative body, (Parliament)
How did Louis XIV acquire and maintain power?
1. Fired his chief minister and made all decisions himself
2. Built up Versailles and isolated the nobility
3. Strong military
Napoleon affected French legal policy by
preparing a single law code for the nation.
taking away women’s rights.
What legal and political ideas are discussed in this excerpt?
“. . . That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. . . . The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations . . . To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. . . .”
Social Contract Theory
Inalienable Rights
How did Montesquieu’s ideas expressed in this excerpt help inspire the Framers of the Constitution of the United States?
“When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner. Again, there is no liberty, if the judiciary power be not separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control. . . .” — Baron de Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, 1748
A separation of powers in the government.
How did Queen Elizabeth I use a moderate form of Protestantism and careful diplomacy to maintain peace in England?
2. She skillfully avoided conflict with Catholic European nations.
How were conflict in Spain and the rise of the Netherlands as a colonial power attributed in the competition between Calvinism and Catholicism?
The Spanish attempts to suppress Calvinism in the Netherlands eventually lead to a successful revolt by the Dutch. After the Dutch gained independence they were able to build a major trade empire in Asia.
Which factor most contributed to Napoleon’s downfall?
a failed invasion of Russia
the Battle of Waterloo
Which idea itha prompted the American Revolution is explained in this quote?
“When any one, or more, shall take upon them to make laws, whom the people have not appointed so to do, they make laws without authority, which the people are not therefore bound to obey; by which means they come again to be out of subjection, and may constitute to themselves a new legislative, as they think best, being in full liberty to resist the force of those, who without authority would impose any thing upon them. . . .” —John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690
Taxation without Representation
What does this excerpt show about the importance of books during the Enlightenment?
“You must know, then, that the above-named gentleman whenever he was at leisure (which was mostly all the year round) gave himself up to reading books of chivalry with such ardor and avidity that he almost entirely neglected the pursuit of his field-sports, and even the management of his property . . . But of all there were none he liked so well as those of the famous Feliciano de Silva’s composition, for their lucidity of style and complicated conceits were as pearls in his sight. . . .” — Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote
Books allowed readers to explore new ideas thus spreading independent thinking needs for Enlightenment thought
What does this excerpt reveal about the rationale of The English Bill of Rights?
“Whereas the late King James II, by the assistance of diverse evil counsellors, judges and ministers employed by him, did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant religion, and laws and the liberties of this kingdom:—I. By assuming and exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws, and the execution of laws, without consent of Parliament. . . .” — English Bill of Rights, 1689
That the king can make no laws without the given consent of Parliament
What were the results of the Peace of Westphalia?
Power structures in Europe were altered.
The concept of national sovereignty was established.
The Holy Roman Empire was weakened.