The effect of gold and silver coming from its vast empire, making Spain incredibly wealthy.
What is building a powerful army and navy and becoming patrons of the arts (the Golden Age)?
100
Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) ended the religious crisis in France and restored order by accomplishing these things.
What is converting to Catholicism; issuing the Edict of Nantes; and devoting his reign to rebuilding France and its prosperity?
100
Two causes of the Thirty Years' War.
What is tension between Catholic and Lutheran princes in Germany & the fear of the spread of Calvinism; and Ferdinand's attempt to limit Protestantism and then to crush a Protestant revolt in Bohemia?
100
Russian people didn't believe that change was necessary, so Peter I decided they needed this kind of ruler.
What is an absolute monarch?
100
This English monarch was invited by Parliament to rule and passed habeas corpus, limiting the king's power to jail opponents.
Who is Charles II?
200
These problems caused Spain's severe inflation in the 16th century.
What is the growth of population and rising prices, and an influx of silver which decreased its value?
200
Cardinal Richelieu strengthened the French monarchy through these means.
What is forbidding Protestant cities from having walls; weakening the power of nobles by ordering them to take down fortified castles; and increasing the power of government agents (intendants)?
200
Four consequences of the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia.
What is the devastation of Germany which wouldn't unite until the 1800s; the weakening of the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria; strengthening of France with the addition of land from Germany; ending of the religious wars in Europe; and the beginning of the modern state system?
200
The Russian Orthodox Church was too strong, so Peter I replaced the patriarch with what new group?
What is the Holy Synod?
200
This Englishman struggled with Parliament over money and was forced to sign the Petition of Right; he ignored it, and eventually the English Civil War broke out.
Who is Charles I?
300
The reasons for Spain's economy to decline and to go into periods of bankruptcy.
What is severe inflation; lack of a middle class due to expulsion of the Muslims and Jews; outdated manufacturing methods; and the high cost of wars?
300
Jean Baptiste Colbert turned France into a great economic power by doing these things.
What is following a strict policy of mercantilism; expanding and protecting French industries; and encouraging migration to Canada for the fur trade?
300
Two differences between the economies of western and central Europe.
What is commercial and capitalistic culture in western Europe and feudal culture dependent on serf labor in central Europe?
300
The great landowners of Russia had too much power, so Peter I recruited able men from lower-ranking families, gave them positions of authority, and rewarded them with this.
What is land grants, which promoted loyalty to the monarch?
300
These people governed as partners with Parliament, with the power of the monarchy limited by the English Bill of Rights.
Who are William of Orange and his wife Mary?
400
The effect of Philip raising taxes in the Netherlands and trying to crush Protestantism.
What is the Dutch rebellion and declaration of the northern provinces to become independent from Spain.
400
Louis failed in his attempts to expand the French Empire because of this action by his European counterparts.
What is the combining of nations in the League of Augsburg, which wanted to become strong enough to stop the spread of Louis' power?
400
Three steps the Hapsburgs took to become more powerful.
What is reconquering Bohemia and wiping out Protestantism in the region during the Thirty Years' War; centralizing the government; and creating a strong standing army?
400
This was the solution to the problem of Russia's untrained army whose tactics and weapons were outdated.
What is expanding the army, hiring European officers to train the soldiers, and requiring that soldiers serve for life (paid by heavy taxes placed on the Russian people)?
400
This Englishman abolished the monarchy and House of Lords, ruled as a dictator, and imposed Puritan morality on all his people.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
500
European monarchs became increasingly more powerful because of these causes.
What is the decline in feudalism; the rise of cities; the creation of the middle class; and the growth of national kingdoms?
500
This was Louis XIV's legacy.
What is making France a power in Europe and a model of culture; but also laying the groundwork for revolution because of heavy debt and abuses of power?
500
Three steps the Hohenzollerns took to build up their state.
What is creating a strong army; creating a military state with strong loyalty from the Junkers; weakening representative assemblies; and taking over Silesia?
500
Ways in which Russian society had to change to compete with the modern states of Europe.
What is introduction of the potato; creation of the first Russian newspaper; changing fashions; raising the status of women by allowing them to attend social gatherings; and advancing education by establishing a school for navigation and some for arts & sciences?
500
This Englishman fought with Parliament over his decision to appoint several Catholics to positions of power, which was against English law at the time.