Blood Vessels
Name 5 things transported in blood.
Oxygen, Urea, Nutrients, Hormones, Carbon Dioxide and Glucose.
Name the 4 chambers of the heart.
Left Ventricle, left atrium, right atrium, right ventricle.
What 2 gases are exchanged in the alveoli?
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide.
What are villi?
Structures on the small intestine with a thin lining, ideal for diffusion.
Name 2 features of Red Blood cells.
Small size, Biconcave shape, no nucleus, Haemoglobin, Plasma, Platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells.
Why does the left side of the heart have a thicker muscular wall.
As it has to pump oxygenated blood around the body.
2 Functions and 2 Features of Alveoli.
Thin walls- Allows for gases to pass through easily.
Large surface area- Allows for maximum absorption of oxygen.
Good blood supply- Maximum oxygen uptake into the blood.
Moist lining- Allows gases to dissolve for diffusion between alveoli and capillaries.
What do the capillaries in the villi transport?
Glucose and amino acids
The function of valves and where can they be found.
Prevent the backflow of blood, found in veins.
Function of haemoglobin.
Haemoglobin absorbs oxygen in the lungs and releases it into the rest of the body.
Binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.
Name 2 muscles used during breathing.
The Diaphragm and Intercostal muscles.
How is the small intestine adapted for absorption?
Large surface area as it is long and folded and contains villi.
Name 3 features of capillaries.
Very thin walls (one cell thick)
Found in dense networks, large surface area.
Close to body cells for diffusion of materials.
What blood vessel supplies the heart with blood.
The coronary artery.
Describe the pathway of air into the lungs.
Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchiole, Alveoli, Capillaries.
In the Villus what 2 things does the lacteal transport?
Glycerol and Fatty Acids.
Name a feature and function of arteries.
Feature: thick muscular wall, small lumen, thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres.
Function: thickness is to withstand the high pressure blood flow.
Describe the pathway of blood circulation.
Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart from the pulmonary artery to the lungs, oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart by the pulmonary vein and then pumped to the body from the aorta.
Why is a steep concentration gradient required.
To ensure rapid and efficient diffusion of gases in and out of the blood stream.
What do the Alveoli and Villi have in common?
Thin walls, large surface area and extensive blood supply of capillaries.