Igneous Rocks
This type of igneous rock forms when lava cools quickly at the surface.
Extrusive igneous rock
This rock type often shows banded or wavy layers caused by heat and pressure.
Metamorphic rock
This type of weathering involves chemicals reacting with rock.
Chemical weathering
Matching fossils on different continents helped support this theory.
Continental drift / plate tectonics
This property describes how a mineral reflects light (e.g., metallic or dull).
Lustre
Large crystals form in this type of igneous rock because the magma cools slowly underground.
Intrusive igneous rock
This rock type forms from compacted sediments like sand or mud.
Sedimentary rock
Ice expanding inside cracks is an example of this type of weathering.
Physical weathering (freeze–thaw)
Earthquakes and volcanoes are most commonly found along these boundaries.
Plate boundaries
This property describes how easily a mineral can be scratched.
Hardness
This major Earth layer is where extrusive igneous rocks are found.
Crust
This rock type forms when molten material cools and solidifies.
Igneous rock
Wind, water, and ice are all agents of this process.
Erosion
At this boundary, plates move apart and new crust forms.
Divergent boundary
Minerals have this type of internal structure made of repeating patterns.
Crystalline structure
This igneous texture shows tiny crystals due to rapid cooling.
Fine‑grained texture
This rock type can contain fossils.
Sedimentary rock
Tree roots breaking rock apart is an example of this process.
Physical weathering (biological)
At this boundary, plates collide and mountains or trenches form.
Convergent boundary
This property describes the colour of powdered mineral left behind when scratched on a tile.
Streak
This rock forms when magma cools beneath Earth’s surface.
Intrusive igneous rock
This rock type forms when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure.
This rock type forms when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure.
This process moves sediments from one place to another.
Erosion
At this boundary, plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.
Transform boundary
Minerals are always this state of matter at room temperature.
Solid