DNA Structure
The subunit that make up DNA are called
nucleotides
Where does DNA replication occur?
in the nucleus
Transcription occurs in the _____
nucleus
translation occurs in the
ribosome (cytoplasm- kind of)
the lac operon gets turned on when:
lactose is present and it binds with the operator
Nucleotides are composed of three parts: What are they?
1. sugar
2. phosphate
3. nitrogen base
What direction is DNA replicated. (What directions is the new strand?)
5' ----->3'
The enzyme responsible for adding complimentary RNA bases is
RNA polymerase
What is the universal start codon?
AUG- methionine
trp operon is turned on when
Tryptophan is missing and needs to be made.
DNA has a ________ charge
negative
What enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA ladder for replication?
Helicase
The comlimentary RNA strand to this DNA strand is:
ACCTTGGGACCA
UGGAACCCUGGU
The molecules that carry the amino acids to the ribosome to make the protein are called
tRNA (transfer RNA)
_______ on the promoter sequence turns genes on, ________ on the promoter sequence turns them off
methyl, acetyl
THe part of the nucleotide responsible for the negative charge of DNA is _______
The phosphate group
The _______ strand replication is discontinuous and happens in fragments called_____ that are later put together by this enzyme________
lagging, Okazaki fragments, ligase
The mature mRNA is different from the pre-mrNa because of mRNA processing. What are the three things that happen in mRNA processing?
1. introns are removed
2. Poly A tail on the 3' end
3. 5' cap
How does a tRNA know where to bind?
They have an anticodon that binds with the complimentary mRNA.
The molecules responsible for tagging mRNA to be degraded are
siRNA
If If 12% of the DNA strand is adenine, how much is cytosine
38%
Replication always proceeds by adding bases to the _____ end.
3'
There are two strands of DNA, one has a significant amount of A-T, and the other has a lot of G-C. Which one will have a lower melting or denaturation point and why?
The one with A-T because they only have 2 hydrogen bonds between them.
What are the three spots in the ribosome and what do they do?
1. E- exit- tRNA's ext
2. P- Peptidyl- protein is made here
3. A- Attachment- where tRNA's attach
To speed up or enhance transcription, what can be added?
an enhancer to the promoter.