Methie
normal pH
7.35-7.45
metabolic acidosis is associated with which electrolyte imbalance?
hyperkalemia (e.g. DKA)
normal HCO₃
22-26
normal PaCO₂
35-45
metabolic alkalosis is associated with which electrolyte imbalance?
hypokalemia
A nurse is obtaining arterial blood gases for a client who has vomited for 24 hr. The nurse should expect which of the following acid-base imbalances to result from vomiting for 24 hr?
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
(excessive vomiting causes a loss of gastric acids and an accumulation of bicarbonate in the blood)
metabolic acidosis causes
-ketoacidosis (DKA)
-diarrhea
-renal failure
-malnutrition, starvation
-salicylate overdose (aspirin)
A patient is admitted with metabolic acidosis. Which system is not functioning normally?
a. Renal system
b. Buffer system
c. Endocrine system
d. Respiratory system
a. Renal system
respiratory alkalosis cause
hyperventilation:
-anxiety, fear
-pain
-neurological problems (ex: stroke, meningitis, trauma)
A client with diabetes mellitus is most likely to experience which type of acid-base imbalance as a complication of the disorder?
1. Metabolic acidosis
2. Metabolic alkalosis
3. Respiratory acidosis
4. Respiratory alkalosis
1. Metabolic acidosis
A client is experiencing respiratory alkalosis as a result of hyperventilation. The nurse would expect the blood gas values to reflect what changes?
1. Decreased pH, decreased PCO₂
2. Decreased pH, increased PCO₂
3. Increased pH, decreased PCO₂
4. Increased pH, increased PCO₂
3. Increased pH, decreased PCO₂
(respiratory alkalosis)
respiratory acidosis cause
hypoventilation:
-respiratory/CNS depression (ex: opioids, sedatives)
-respiratory disease (ex: COPD, asthma)
-neurological problems (ex: brain tumor, trauma)
A client with a history of lung disease is at risk for developing respiratory acidosis. The nurse should assess the client for which signs and symptoms characteristic of this disorder?
1. bradycardia and hyperactivity
2. decreased respiratory rate and depth
3. headache, restlessness, and confusion
4. bradypnea, dizziness, and paresthesias
3. headache, restlessness, and confusion
A pt has the following arterial blood gas results:
-pH 7.52
-PaCO₂ 30 mm Hg
-HCO₃ 24 mEq/L
The nurse determines that these results indicate:
a. metabolic acidosis
b. metabolic alkalosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. respiratory alkalosis
d. respiratory alkalosis
metabolic alkalosis causes
loss of acid, too much base:
-vomiting
-NG suctioning
-hypokalemia
-antacid overdose
Your patient is hyperventilating from acute pain and hypoxia. Interventions to manage his pain and oxygenation will decrease his risk of which acid-base imbalance?
A.) Metabolic acidosis
B.) Metabolic alkalosis
C.) Respiratory acidosis
D.) Respiratory alkalosis
D.) Respiratory alkalosis
You are caring for a patient admitted with an exacerbation of asthma. After several treatments, the ABG results are:
-pH 7.40
-PaCO₂ 40 mm Hg
-HCO₃ 24 mEq/L
-PaO₂ 92 mm Hg
-O₂ saturation of 99%.
You interpret these results as:
a. metabolic acidosis.
b. respiratory acidosis.
c. respiratory alkalosis.
HAHAHA Tricked ya ;)
NORMAL
The nurse is caring for a client who is retaining carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a result of an obstructive respiratory disease. The nurse plans interventions knowing that as the client's CO₂ level rises, what will occur with the blood pH?
1. Fall
2. Rise
3. Double
4. Remain unchanged
1. Fall
The nurse on a medical-surgical unit identifies which patient as having the highest risk for metabolic alkalosis?
a. A patient with a traumatic brain injury
b. A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus
c. A patient with acute respiratory failure
d. A patient with nasogastric tube suction
d. A patient with nasogastric tube suction
You are admitting a patient with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A proximal bowel obstruction is suspected. Which acid-base imbalance do you anticipate in this patient?
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
(vomiting leads to decreased gastric acid)
The lungs act as an acid-base buffer by
a. increasing respiratory rate and depth when CO₂ levels in the blood are high, reducing acid load
b. increasing respiratory rate and depth when CO₂ levels in the blood are low, reducing base load
c. decreasing respiratory rate and depth when CO₂ levels in the blood are high, reducing acid load
d. decreasing respiratory rate and dpeth when CO₂ levels in the blood are low, increasing acid load
a. increasing respiratory rate and depth when CO₂ levels in the blood are high, reducing acid load
A client is admitted to the hospital 24 hours following an aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) overdose. The nurse assesses this client for which signs/symptoms, indicating the acid-base disturbance that could occur in the client?
1. Bradypnea, dizziness, and paresthesias
2. Bradycardia, listlessness, and hyperactivity
3. Headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
4. Restlessness, confusion, and a positive Trousseau's sign
3. Headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
A client's blood gas results reveal acidosis. What are some signs and symptoms the nurse would expect to see? Select all that apply.
1. Seizures
2. Lethargy
3. Headache
4. Weakness
5. Confusion
6. Hyperactivity
2. Lethargy
3. Headache
4. Weakness
5. Confusion
The nurse caring for a client with COPD anticipates which ABG findings?
1. pH, 7.40; PaO2, 90 mm Hg; CO2, 39 mEq/L; HCO3, 23 mEq/L
2. pH, 7.32; PaO2, 85 mm Hg; CO2, 57 mEq/L; HCO3, 26 mEq/L
3. pH, 7.47; PaO2, 82 mm Hg; CO2, 30 mEq/L; HCO3, 31 mEq/L
4. pH, 7.31; PaO2, 95 mm Hg; CO2, 22 mEq/L; HCO3, 19 mEq/L
2. pH, 7.32; PaO2, 85 mm Hg; CO2, 57 mEq/L; HCO3, 26 mEq/L
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing metabolic alkalosis. The nurse plans to protect the client's safety knowing the risks of this imbalance, by carefully implementing which prescribed precaution?
1. Contact isolation
2. Seizure precautions
3. Bleeding precautions
4. Neutropenic precautions
2. Seizure precautions