ABG
Compensation
Practice Scenarios
Acidosis/Alkalosis
100

pH: 7.35-7.45

PaCO2: 35-45

HCO3-: 22-26

What are the values in homeostasis?



100

pH:  7.35-7.45

PaCO2: outside 45-35

HCO3: outside 22-26


What is fully compensated?

100

pH: 7.34

PaCO2: 64

HCO3: 24

What is respiratory acidosis?

100

Kidneys retain extra HCO3 and excrete extra H+ ions into the urine

What is compensation for respiratory acidosis?

200

pH: <7.35

PaCO2: >45

HCO3-: 22-26


What are the values of respiratory acidosis?

200

pH: outside 7.35-7.45

PaCO2: outside 45-35

HCO3: outside 22-26

What is partially compensated?

200

pH: 7.51

PaCO2: 37

HCO3: 47

What is Metabolic alkalosis?

200

Hyperventilation, anxiety attack, PE, ascites, pregnancy

What are causes of Respiratory Alkalosis?

300

pH: >7.35

PaCO2: <35

HCO3-: <22

What are the values of Metabolic Acidosis?

300

pH: outside 7.35-7.45

EITHER:

PaCO2: outside 45-35 

HCO3: outside 22-26

What is uncompensated?

300

pH: 7.27

PaCO2: 42

HCO3: 19

What is metabolic acidosis?

300

Excess ingestion of antacids

What can cause metabolic alkalosis?

400

pH: >7.45

PaCO2: <35

HCO3-: 22-26


What are the values of Respiratory alkalosis?

400

pH: within normal range, but < 7.40

What is fully compensated "acidosis"?

400

pH: 7.50

PaCO2: 32

HCO3: 24

What is respiratory alkalosis?

400

Inadequate elimination of hydrogen ions, DKA, kidney failure

What are causes of metabolic acidosis?

500

pH: >7.45

PaCo2: 35-45

HCO3-: >26

What are the values of Metabolic alkalosis?

500

pH: within normal range, but > 7.40

What is fully compensated "alkalosis"?

500

pH: 7.42

PaCO2: 37

HCO3: 23

What is normal ABG?

500

Sleep apnea, head trauma, drug overdose

What are causes of Respiratory Acidosis?

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