It is the process of regulating the pH, bicarbonate concentration, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide on body fluids
What is Acid-base balance
100
pH
at is 7.35-7.45
100
A greater number of H+ are circulating in the blood than can be absorbed by the buffer system
What is Respiratory Acidosis
100
What does ROME mean?
What is Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal
100
Process to control changes in pH by neutralizing
What is Acid Buffering
200
Spasms due to allergens, irritants, or emotions cause the smooth muscles of the bronchioles to constrict
What is Asthma
200
PCO2
What is 35-45 mmHg
200
A deficit of H2CO3 and a decrease in H+ concentration
What is Metabolic Alkalosis
200
A deficit of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and a decrease in H+ concentration
What is Respiratory Alkalosis
200
Caused by loss of too much acid or retention of too much base
What is Alkalosis
300
Extracellular accumulation of fluid in acute congestive heart failure causes disturbances in alveolar diffusion and perfusion
What is Pulmonary edema
300
PO2
What is 80-100 mmHg
300
Causes may include: Overventilation by mechanical ventilators, pain or brain trauma, salicylates
What is Respiratory Alkalosis
300
Acid excretion
What is removal of acid from the body
400
Caused by retention of too much acid or loss of too much base
What is Acidosis
400
HCO3
What is 22-26 mEg/L
400
The total concentration of buffer base is lower than normal, with a relative increase in the H+ concentration
What is Metabolic Acidosis
400
Causes may include: Malfunction of metabolism leading to increased amount of available basic solution in blood and decrease in available acids in the blood; ingestion of excess sodium bicarbonate; excessive vomiting or gastrointestinal suctioning; Diuretics; Hyperaldosteronism; Massive transfusion of whole blood
What is Metabolic Alkalosis
400
Increased waste products of protein metabolism are retained, excessive acids build up, and bicarbonate is unable to maintain ace-base balance
What is Renal Insufficiency/Failure
500
Loss of elasticity of alveolar sacs restricts air flow in and out, leading to an increased CO2 level
What is Emphysema
500
PA02
What is 92-100%
500
Causes may include: DM/Diabetic ketoacidosis, Renal insufficiency/failure, malnutrition, high-fat diet, insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates, excessive ingestion of aspirin, severe diarrhea
What is Metabolic Acidosis
500
Causes may include: Brain trauma, Emphysema, Asthma, Pulmonary Edema, Bronchiectasis
What is Respiratory Acidosis
500
Bronchi become dilated due to inflammation and destructive changes and weakness in the walls of the bronchi occur