Metabolic Acidosis
A client with prolonged diarrhea is at risk for this chemical change in the blood due to loss of bicarbonate.
What is a decreased pH (acidosis)?
Excessive vomiting removes stomach acid and results in this change to blood chemistry.
What is an increased pH (alkalosis)?
Hypoventilation causes carbon dioxide to build up in the blood, leading to this effect.
What is a decreased pH (acidosis)?
A client who is hyperventilating due to anxiety is most likely experiencing these two ABG changes.
What is decreased CO2 and increased pH?
Normal arterial blood pH falls within this range.
What is 7.35–7.45?
Hypoventilation commonly leads to respiratory acidosis by retaining this gas.
What is carbon dioxide?
This value reflects the respiratory component of acid–base balance.
What is PaCO₂?
A client with elevated blood glucose and ketones in the urine is likely experiencing this cause of metabolic acidosis.
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A client receiving loop diuretics is at risk for metabolic alkalosis due to loss of this electrolyte.
What is potassium?
COPD places clients at high risk for respiratory acidosis due to this problem.
What is impaired ventilation?
A client on mechanical ventilation is at risk for respiratory alkalosis if this setting is too high.
What is respiratory rate?
pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 26 mEq/L
What is uncompensated respiratory acidosis?
The lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis by doing this, leading to these changes in the ABG.
What is increasing respiratory rate, decreased CO2, increased pH?
The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by doing this, leading to these changes in the ABG.
What is hypoventilation, increased CO2, decreased pH?
The kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis by doing this, leading to these changes in the ABG.
What is retaining bicarbonate, increased HCO3-, increased pH?
The kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis by doing this, leading to these changes in the ABG.
What is excreting bicarbonate, decreased HCO3-, decreased pH?
A client with respiratory alkalosis may report this neurological symptom.
What is dizziness or tingling?
pH 7.38, PaCO₂ 50 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 30 mEq/L
What is fully compensated respiratory acidosis?