General Info
The normal pH range for blood is:
7.35-7.45
If a fluid is more acidic this means there are _______ hydrogen ions and the pH is _________.
more
lower
This buffer system is important in the urine.
phosphate buffer system
This buffer system is important in the ECF (extracellular fluid).
carbonic acid/bicarb
Which types of acid base imbalances can the respiratory system help correct?
metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis
Which type of cell in the kidney helps compensate when the body is too acidic?
Type A cells
What is something that could cause respiratory acidosis?
Breathing to slow/shallow
asthma or emphysema
How could the respiratory system help compensate under conditions of metabolic alkalosis?
Slower/shallower breaths to retain CO2
Which H+ regulation is the slowest to respond but the most powerful?
How would the kidneys help compensate for acidosis?
Type A cells would secrete H+ ions for removal and retain HCO3- to help buffer the acidity
What is something that could cause metabolic alkalosis?
Vomiting
Drugs
How would the respiratory system help compensate under conditions of metabolic acidosis?
faster/deeper breaths to blow off (eliminate) CO2
What is something that could cause respiratory alkalosis?
breathing to fast/deep (hyperventilating)
high elevation
anxiety
Type B cells
Which buffer system is important inside cells?
protein buffer system
If something has a high pH it is considered to be _____________ and has a ____________ H+ ion content.
basic
lower
An acid is an H+ _________.
donor
How would the kidneys help compensate under conditions of metabolic alkalosis?
Type B cells would secrete HCO3- and retain H+
What is something that could cause metabolic acidosis?
severe diarrhea
uncontrolled diabetes
excessive exercise
kidney failure
Under acidic conditions what two things help prevent the urine from becoming too acidic?
phosphate buffer system and ammonia