End Title
What is the range for a patient's end title to be at and what is the range for a healthy human's pH to be at?
35-45mmHg and 7.35-7.45pH
What causes the body the become more acidic during shock?
Anaerobic metabolism releasing excessive amounts of lactic acid.
A patient with DKA will likely present with what type of respirations?
Kussmaul
What causes alkalosis in the body?
Increase in bicarbonate, and decrease in Hydrogen ion concentration.
pH balance in the human body is determined with the concentration of what extracellular ion?
Hydrogen (H+)
A patient that is Hyperventilating would likely have what Capnography reading?
10-25mmHg (<35)
What is the deadly trio that kills almost all trauma patients?
Name 3 signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis.
Vasodilation, Headache/lightheadedness, Warm flush skin, CNS depression, nausea/vomiting.
Name 3 signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis.
Lightheadedness, Carpopedal spasm, paresthesias of lips/face/extremities, chest tightness/palpitations, vertigo, blurred vision.
A patient eats an entire bottle of tums, will they be in acidosis or alkalosis?
Alkalosis
What happens to a patients End Title after achieving ROSC in a cardiac arrest?
It will spike up.
How long after a tourniquet is applied should you be concerned with muscle necrosis developing?
~60minutes after tourniquet is applied.
What do the kidneys do to correct the body in metabolic acidosis?
Retain Bicarbonate ions and eliminate Hydrogen ions by urinating.
What do the kidneys do to correct the body in metabolic alkalosis?
Retain Hydrogen ions and eliminate bicarbonate ions by urinating.
What three ions do the Kidneys move around to deal with a change in the body's pH?
Hydrogen, Potassium, and Calcium.
High (50+mmHG)
What is the name of the process that occurs when muscle tissue becomes ischemic then dies which results in the release of harmful products into the bloodstream making it become acidic?
Rhabdomyolysis.
Keep them warm. Because newborns lose heat a rapid rate, if they are not kept warm their oxygen demand will go up putting them in metabolic acidosis.
What environmental factor might lead to Respiratory Alkalosis?
High altitude sickness.
Name the 3 locations of the bodies chemoreceptors that monitor pH in the body. Which one is the main one?
Main-Medulla chemoreceptors
Carotid, and aortic chemoreceptors
At what ETCO2 will a cardiac arrest have good chance of achieving ROSC? and at what ETCO2 will their chances by slim to none?
>20mmHg :D
<10mmHg X(
Name the 2 main steps of care that need to be done to a patient with a significant crush injury to an extremity, prior to releasing said extremity from being freed.
2) Give 1mEq/Kg Sodium Bicarbonate bolus IV.
Explain how an alcoholic might be at risk for metabolic acidosis.
Poor diet, excessive vomiting, and ingesting ethyl alcohol all can increase the Hydrogen ion concentration.
Electrolytes (Sodium and Potassium) will increase the Hydrogen ion concentration
A patient has overdosed on tricyclic antidepressants, what should you give? How much and in what way should you give it?
1 mEq/Kg of Sodium Bicarb. IV/IO push.