Formulas of acids and bases
Acid reactions
History of acids and bases
Conjugate acid-base pairs
Indicators
100

The chemical formula of nitric acid is ___.

HNO3

100

The general reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide produces these two products.

Salt and water

100

The Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base is a substance that ____.

Accepts a proton

100

The conjugate base of HCl is ___.

Cl-

100

Litmus paper turns ___ in acidic solutions.

red

200

This weak base has the formula NH₄OH and forms ammonium ions in solution.

Ammonium hydroxide

200

Explain why acetic (ethanoic) acid is considered a weak acid, despite being corrosive.

It only partially ionises in water

200

Humphry Davy discovered that acids contain this element rather than oxygen.

Hydrogen 

200

True or False: A strong acid has a weak conjugate base.

True

200

What is the approximate pH at which beetroot indicator changes from red to yellow?

11

300

Sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO₄) is an example of an acidic salt because it can ____.

Donate a proton

300

When zinc reacts with sulfuric acid, one of the products is hydrogen gas. Write the balanced equation.

Zn(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) → ZnSO₄(aq) + H₂(g)

300

Lavoisier originally defined acids as substances that contained ____, a theory later proven incorrect.

Oxygen
300

In the reaction:

NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻

Which is the acid and which is the base?

NH3- base
H2O- acid

300

Why does universal indicator show a range of colors in different solutions?

It is a mixture of multiple indicators

400

This amphiprotic species has the formula HCO₃⁻ and can act as both an acid and a base.

Hydrogen carbonate

400

This type of reaction occurs when a strong acid and a strong base are mixed, resulting in a neutral solution.

Neutralisation

400

These scientists expanded on the Arrhenius definition by stating that acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.

Lowry-Bronsted

400

NH₄⁺ is the conjugate acid of this base.

NH3

400

This indicator is commonly used in titrations between strong acids and strong bases, changing from colorless to pink.

Phenolphtalein

500

This diprotic acid is commonly used in car batteries and has the formula H₂SO₄.

Sulfuric acid

500

Write the ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate.

2H⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(s) → H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)

500

This scientist first identified that acids increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in water, leading to a more modern definition of acids and bases.

Arrhenius

500

Identify the conjugate base of H₂PO₄⁻.

HPO₄²⁻

500

What is the pH range at which bromothymol blue changes color?

6.0 to 7.6

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