Formulas of acids and bases
The chemical formula of nitric acid is ___.
HNO3
The general reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide produces these two products.
Salt and water
The Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base is a substance that ____.
Accepts a proton
The conjugate base of HCl is ___.
Cl-
Litmus paper turns ___ in acidic solutions.
red
This weak base has the formula NH₄OH and forms ammonium ions in solution.
Ammonium hydroxide
Explain why acetic (ethanoic) acid is considered a weak acid, despite being corrosive.
It only partially ionises in water
Humphry Davy discovered that acids contain this element rather than oxygen.
Hydrogen
True or False: A strong acid has a weak conjugate base.
True
What is the approximate pH at which beetroot indicator changes from red to yellow?
11
Sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO₄) is an example of an acidic salt because it can ____.
Donate a proton
When zinc reacts with sulfuric acid, one of the products is hydrogen gas. Write the balanced equation.
Zn(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) → ZnSO₄(aq) + H₂(g)
Lavoisier originally defined acids as substances that contained ____, a theory later proven incorrect.
In the reaction:
NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
Which is the acid and which is the base?
NH3- base
H2O- acid
Why does universal indicator show a range of colors in different solutions?
It is a mixture of multiple indicators
This amphiprotic species has the formula HCO₃⁻ and can act as both an acid and a base.
Hydrogen carbonate
This type of reaction occurs when a strong acid and a strong base are mixed, resulting in a neutral solution.
Neutralisation
These scientists expanded on the Arrhenius definition by stating that acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.
Lowry-Bronsted
NH₄⁺ is the conjugate acid of this base.
NH3
This indicator is commonly used in titrations between strong acids and strong bases, changing from colorless to pink.
Phenolphtalein
This diprotic acid is commonly used in car batteries and has the formula H₂SO₄.
Sulfuric acid
Write the ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate.
2H⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(s) → H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)
This scientist first identified that acids increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in water, leading to a more modern definition of acids and bases.
Arrhenius
Identify the conjugate base of H₂PO₄⁻.
HPO₄²⁻
What is the pH range at which bromothymol blue changes color?
6.0 to 7.6