Reactions
What type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base are combined?
Neutralization Reaction
What makes water so special (why we use it in solutions)?
It acts as both an acid and a base, therefor is neutral
What are common physical properties of acids?
Sour, corrosive, burns
What are common physical properties of bases?
Bitter, slippery, caustic
What is the pH of a neutral solution (like water)?
7
What are the products of a neutralization reaction?
Water (H2O) and a salt
What are the TWO parts of a solution?
Solvent - liquid
Solute - solid (liquid) being dissolved
What pH range is considered acidic?
0-6 (Anything under 7)
What pH range is considered basic?
8-14 (anything above 7)
Give an example of a pH indicator:
phenolphthalein, pH probes, litmus paper, pH paper etc.
What is MOLARITY measuring?
Concentration - Moles / Liter
If you have two solutions with the same volume of solvent, but one with more solute - that solution would be...
What is a key identifier of acids?
BONUS: Name a common acid.
Contain H+ ions.
Acidic fruits, stomach, vinegar, HCl, etc
What is a key identifier of a base?
BONUS: Name a common base.
Contain OH- ions, willing to accept H+
Cleaning solutions, bleach, soap, NaOH, etc.
What is pH measuring?
How many H+ ions are in a solution
Dilutions: If I add 25 mL of water to 125 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?
M1V1 = M2V2
(0.15 M)(125 mL) = x (150 mL)
= 0.125 M
If you have 2 solutions with the same amount of solute, but one with a higher volume of solvent - that solution would be...
more diluted
When an acid is placed in an aqueous solution, it dissociates to release H+ ions and becomes a...
Conjugate base
When a base is placed in a aqueous solution, it dissociated to release OH- ions (or accepts H+ ions) to become a...
Conjugate Acid
Strength of an acid depends on...
How much the acid dissociates (breaks apart into H+ ions)
Molarity: What is the molarity of a solution that has 1.0 moles of potassium fluoride dissolved to make 0.10 L of solution?
Molarity = Moles / Liter
1.0 moles KF / 0.10 L solution
= 10 M
To find the concentration of a solution you would take the...
# moles of solute / Liters (mL) of solution
What is the acid that was used to create the salt: NH4I
HI
What is the base that was used to create the salt: NaCl
NaOH
What factors can affect the pH of a solution?
Strength AND concentration
(how much breaks apart, how much you use)