Acids and Bases

Classification

100

Name three properties of Acids

-prouduce H+ (as hydronium H₃O+) ions in water

-taste sour

-corrode metals

-electrolytes (conduct electricity)

-react with bases to form a salt and water

-pH is less than 7

-turns lithus paper red 

200

Name four properties of Bases

-produce OH- ions in water

-taste bitter, chalky

-are electrolytes

-feel slippery

-react with acids to form salts and water

-pH greater than 7

-turns lithus paper blue

300

How do you know if an acid or base is STRONG

less than 100% ionized in water

400

What makes up a buffer?

a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid

500

What are the SIX strong Acids?

HNO₃, HCl, HBr, HI, H₂SO₄, HCLO₄

Vocab

100

What a substance called that can act as an acid or a base

amphateric

200

What is an Arrhenius Acid definition? 

produce H+ ions when dissolved in water

300

What is salt Hydrolysis?

Solution of salts can be neutral, acidic, or basic

-occurs when the + or - ions form the dissociated salt accept H+ from water or donate H+ to water. (affects pH)

400

What is the lewis definition of acids and bases?

Lewis Acid-a substance that accepts an electron pair

Lewis Base-a substance that donates an electron pair

500

What is an equivalent?

Amount of acid (or base) that will yield one mole of H+ (or OH-)

Calculations

100

if [H+]= 1.8 x 10^-5 , find pH

4.74 (take -log)

200

If the pH is 3.7, find [H+]

3.7=-log[H+]

=2.0 x 10^-4

300

What is the name of HBr?

Hydrobromic acid

400

Name H2SO3 and H2CO3

sulfurous acid and carbonic acid

500

Calculate th pH of 0.45 M HCN (k_a=4.9 x 10^-10)

HINT: Ice

x²/0.45=4.9 x 10^-10

x=0.000014849

ph=-log[0.000014849]

pH=4.83

Determine

100

Difference between Monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic acids

Mono=contains one ionizable H

Di=contains two ionizable H

Tri=contains three ionizable H

200

What are two common ways to create a base?

Elements in Group 1a react with water to make a base, or elements in group 2a

300

What is the most common definition we use for acids and bases?

Bronsted-Lowry, which states that acids are the proton donors and bases are the proton acceptors

400

In the reaction 

NH₃+H₂O--->NH₄+ + OH-

name the base, acid, conjugate acid, and conjugate base

NH₃ base

H₂O acid

NH₄+ conjugate acid

OH- conjugate base

500

What are the four possible acid/base reactions using strong/weak acids and bases?

Strong Acids+strong base=neutral

Strong Acid +weak base=acidic

Weak acid + strong base= basic

Weak acid + weak base=depends

More math

100

1 mol of H₂SO₄ has how many equivalents?

2 equivalents

200

What is the pH of the 0.0010 M NaOH solution?

[OH-] = 0.0010 (or 1.0 X 10-3 M)

pOH = - log 1.0 x 10-3

pOH = 3.00

pH = 14.00 – 3.00 = 11.00

300

How are M and N related in titration?

HINT: mono, di, tri

Monoprotic acids M=N

Diprotic Acids N=2M

Triprotic Acids N=3M

400

If it takes 35 mL of 0.20 N HCI to neutrilize 25 mL of an unknown base, what is the normality of the base? Of the base is Ca(OH)₂, what is its molarity?

N_aV_a=N_bV_b

(o.20 N)(35 mL)=N_b(25mL)

N_b=0.28 N

0.28 N= 2M     M=0.14 M