Molecular Structure of Acids and Bases
The strength of an acid or base can determine how well it can do this
What is dissociate
This is where the acid and base have completely reacted with one another
What is the endpoint of titration
Solutions of a weak conjugate acid-base pair that resist drastic change since pH
What is a buffer
pH=pKa+log[A-]/[HA] is the equation for this
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
the amount of acid/base that can be added to a buffer solution w out its pH changing by more than 1
What is buffering capacity
stronger bases tend to attract these
What are protons
pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA] is the equation for this
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
What is close
When the concentration of the weak acid [HA] equals the concentration of the conjugate base
What is pH=pKa
Diluting a buffer solution does this
pH does not change
hydrogen bonded to a nonmetal is called this
What is a binary acid
when the number of mols of the titrant added is enough to completely react with the number of mols of the analyte present
What is the equivalence point
The Ka of acetic acid is greater than the Kb of its conjugate base acetate
How does a buffer work
These are the two components that must be present in a buffer solution to resist pH changes.
What are a weak acid and its conjugate base
Increasing the concentration of the buffer components does this
keeps the pH of the buffer the same and increases the capacity of the buffer to neutralize added acid or base
this is an acid made of 3 elements with at least one oxygen in its structure
What is an oxyacid
The protonation state of an acid or base can be predicted by this
What is comparing the pH of a solution to the pKa of the acid in that solution
If we add a base such as sodium hydroxide, the hydroxide ions do this
React with the few hydronium ions present
A buffer is most effective at resisting pH changes when the pH is close to this value
What is the pKa
When a buffer has more conjugate acid than base, this is true
it has a greater buffer capacity for addition of added base than acid
these contain nitrogen and have the properties of bases
What is a nitrogenous base
substances that exhibit different properties in their protonated versus deprotonated state
What are Acid-base indicators
If we add a base such as sodium hydroxide, the hydroxide ions react with the few hydronium ions present. Then more of the acetic acid reacts with water and do this
Restore the hydronium ion concentration almost to its original value
If strong acid is added to a buffer, this component of the buffer system neutralizes it to prevent a large drop in pH
What is the conjugate base
When a buffer has more conjugate base than acid, this is true
it has a greater buffer capacity for addition of added acid than base