Give 2 examples of foods/kitchen items that are acidic and 2 that are basic.
acidic--soda, vinegar, lemons, oranges, any other citrus fruits
basic--soap, baking soda, milk of magnesia
100
Complete the equation...In any aqueous solution,
[H+]x[OH-] = ?
1.0x10^-14
100
Give an example of a strong acid
HCl (hydrochloric acid) and HF (hydrofluoric acid) are both very strong acids. HNO3 (nitric acid) and H2SO4 are also relatively strong acids
100
What is a sinkhole?
A depression in the Earth's surface that usually opens suddenly after subsurface erosional processes and surficial pressure accumulation
100
The major contributor to increased surface temperatures is the increase in what atmospheric gas?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
200
Of the 3 acid and base definitions, which one is the broadest, most encompassing definition?
Lewis acids and bases
200
What are the concentrations of [H+] and [OH-] of a neutral solution?
1.0 x 10^-7 M
200
Complete the sentence. Acids and bases are classified as strong or weak depending on the degree to which they ________________ in water
Acceptable answers: "ionize" or "dissociate"
200
Name any two locations on Earth's surface where sinkhole formation is common or where the land is prone to sinkhole formation
Central Florida, Texas, China, Egypt, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and Alabama are acceptable answers
200
What period in Earth's history brought on the most dramatic changes in the level of greenhouse gases?
The Industrial Revolution
300
What are the products of an acid and base reaction?
water and salt
300
What happens to the pH of a solution as you increase the H+ concentration?
The pH decreases
300
What ions do bases produce when they dissociate in water?
OH- (hydroxide ions)
300
What name describes the terrain that bears many sinkholes, nooks, and crannies?
karst topography
300
By studying the ratio of what two isotopes have paleoclimatologists been able to determine the timing of ice ages?
O-16 and O-18
400
By Arrhenius's definition, a base is anything that donates OH- ions to a solution, but we know of bases that do not contain OH- at all. Name one such base
Ammonia (NH3) is a common example, but many others will work
400
[OH-] = 4.67x10^-4 M
Calculate [H+] and the pH. Is this solution acidic or basic?
[H+] ~ 2.1 x 10^-11
pH ~ 10.7
basic
400
Acid M has a Ka value of 1.5 x 10^ -10
Acid N has a Ka value of 5.6 x 10^-4
Which is the stronger acid and why?
Acid N is stronger because its Ka value is larger
400
In what type of rock do sinkholes form most commonly? What is the chemical formula for that rock type?
Limestone--CaCO3
400
Explain the "Iron Fertilization Hypothesis"
I will determine the completeness of answers
500
Write the definitions of Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis bases.
Arrhenius base is a OH- donor
Brønsted-Lowry base is a H+ acceptor
Lewis base is an electron donor
500
Angeline calculates the H+ concentration to be 6.9 x 10^-17. Explain why this is impossible
Several answers are acceptable including the fact that Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14 and that 0 < pH < 14.
500
For the reaction shown, write the equation for Ka.
H2CO3 (aq) and H2O yield HCO3- (aq) and H3O+(aq)
Ka = [H3O+]x[HCO3-]/[H2CO3]
500
About 1/4 of the documentary was spent talking about a sinkhole in Bayou Corne, a part of Assumption Parish. In what state is Bayou Corne located, and what is thought to be the major contributor to the formation of the sinkhole there?
Louisiana.
A collapsed salt dome most likely led to the sinkhole's formation after Texas Brine company pumped too close to the edge of the salt dome
500
List the three chemical equations that describe the ocean's buffering capacity.
CO2 + H2O yield H2CO3
H2CO3 dissociates in a reversible reaction to HCO3- and H+
HCO3 dissociates in a reversible reaction to CO32- and H+