Acids/Bases Theories
What is an Arrhenius base(what do bases produce)?
A substance that makes OH- ions
What is an Indicator?
Substances that chance color due to the presence of an acid or a base.
Do acids have more H+ ions, or more OH- ions?
Acids contain more H+ ions.
Which of the following equations represents an Acid-Metal reaction, and which represents a Neutralization reaction?
1. LiOH + HC2H3O2 ---> LiC2H3O2 + H2O
2. Mg + 2HNO3 ---> Mg(NO3)2 + H2(g)
1. Neutralization
2. Acid-Metal
What is an electrolyte?
An electrolyte is a substance that creates electricity when dissolved in water, and can create electrical currents.
What side of the equation are conjugate bases/acids on?
Product side
What does the pH scale range from?
Values from 0-14
Fill in the blanks:
1.The more ___ the lower the pH.
2. The more ___ the higher the pH.
1. H+
2. OH-
1. Au
2. Cr
3. Cu
4. Ag
2. Cr
Why? -- Cr is above H+ on Table J, making it a more reactive metal for nitric acid.
It contains one metal, and one nonmetal in it making it a salt.
Since protons are donated and accepted in a reaction, do acids accept or donate protons, and do bases accept or donate ions?
Ex: H2O + NH3 ---> NH4+ + OH-
Acids donate protons(H+)
Bases accept protons(H+)
What substances contain a pH with a value less than 7?
Acids -- they have pH values less than 7, and bases have pH values above 7.
What do neutral solutions have an equal amount of?
H+ and OH- ions
What is Titration?
A process that finds the concentration or volume of a solution.
What are the three examples of substances that are electrolytes?
Acids, bases, and soluble salts
Which of the following is an acid?
1. C6H12O6
2. Mg(OH)2
3. HNO3
4. CH3OH
3. HNO3
Which of the following would have a high concentration of H+ ions, due to its pH?
1. H2SO4
2. Mg(OH)2
3. CH3COOH
4. NaCL
1. H2SO4
Why? - Lower pH=More H+
A solution has [H+] of 1.0 x 10^-4. Using the equation:
pH= -log[H+]
Find of the pH of a solution and find if it is acidic, basic, or neutral.
pH=-log(1.0 x 10^-3)
pH= 3
The solution is acidic(pH less than 7)
Use: MaVa = MbVb
(0.6)(20) = (50)Mb
12/50Mb
Mb =0.24M
Which substance is NOT an electrolyte?
1. CaCl2
2. LiOH
3. C6H12O6
4. BaCl2
3. C6H12O6
-- this is a sugar, not a acid,base, or a soluble salt
In the equation:
H2O + HF --> F- + H3O+
Which of the following are bases/acids, and which are the conjugate bases/acids?
H2O is a base
HF is an acid
F- is the conjugate base
H3O+ is the conjugate acid
Bromthymol Blue
What is the Hydrogen Ion concentration of a solution with a pH of 6?
[H+] = 10⁻pH
[H+] = (1.0 x 10^-6)
or
0.0000010
When Neutralization occurs in a titration mixture where 3.00M of NaOH was added to 25mL of H2SO4, and was turned into a light pink colored solution, what is the comparison of the number of moles of H+ ions, to the moles of OH- ions after Neutralization occurs?
The number of moles of H+ ions equals the number of OH- ions after Neutralization occurs.
Why can some aqueous solutions make electrical currents?
They have mobile/free ions from the electrolytes.