Acids & Bases - Neutralisation Reactions

pH scale

100

Green

Colour universal indicator changes in neutral solutions (pH 7)

200

Red

Colour universal indicator changes in strong acids (pH 1-3)

300

Blue/Turquoise

Colour universal indicator changes in weak bases (pH 8-10)

400

OH^- > H⁺

Bases: pH 8 or above

500

OH^- < H⁺

Acids: pH 6 or below

Observations

100

Red Litmus

Turns blue in bases
Stays red in acids or neutral

200

Blue Litmus

Turns red in acids
Stays blue in bases or neutral

300

Bubbles

Carbonate or Hydrogen carbonate base reacting with an acid makes CO2

400

Turns from red to green

Adding base to an acid and it becomes neutral

500

Turns from purple to green

Adding acid to a base until it becomes neutral

Word Equations

100

Sodium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid -->

Sodium chloride + Water

200

Magnesium oxide + Hydrochloric acid -->

Magnesium chloride + water

300

Lithium hydroxide + Nitric acid -->

Lithium nitrate + Water

400

Copper carbonate + Sulfuric acid -->

Copper sulfate + Water + Carbon dioxide

500

Zinc Hydrogen carbonate + Nitric acid -->

Zinc nitrate + Water + Carbon dioxide

Symbols

100

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl

200

Nitric Acid

HNO₃

300

Sulfuric acid

H₂SO₄

400

Sodium Oxide

Na₂O

500

Aluminium Carbonate

Al₂(CO₃)₃

Symbols II

100

Carbon dioxide

CO₂

200

Ammonium ion

NH₄⁺

300

Calcium Hydroxide

Ca(OH)₂

400

Zinc Hydrogen carbonate

Zn(HCO₃)₂

500

OH^- ions from base bond to H⁺ ions from acid

H₂O