Medical Eponyms
History of Medicine
Rheumatology
Hematology
Infectious Diseases
100
This neurologic condition features the triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion, often associated with thiamine deficiency
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
100
She is considered the founder of modern nursing and revolutionized hygiene during the Crimean War.
Florence Nightingale
100
This condition features granulomatous inflammation of the respiratory tract, necrotizing vasculitis, and is associated with c-ANCA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
100
This microangiopathy presents with thrombocytopenia, MAHA, renal dysfunction, and neurologic symptoms, and is associated with ADAMTS13 deficiency
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
100
A prion disease characterized by rapidly progressive dementia and myoclonus
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
200
This eponymous sign refers to periumbilical ecchymosis, often seen in hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Cullen's sign
200
This historical figure is credited for discovering penicillin.
Alexander Fleming
200
Anti-Mi-2 antibodies are most closely associated with this inflammatory myopathy
Dermatomyositis
200
The JAK2 V617F mutation is present in over 95% of cases of this myeloproliferative neoplasm
Polycythemia vera
200
This tropical disease is caused by a bite from the tsetse fly
African sleeping sickness (Trypanosomiasis)
300
This syndrome combines hepatic vein thrombosis with hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal pain.
Budd-Chiari syndrome
300
John Snow famously identified a water tank as the source of outbreak of this bacteria in 1854
Cholera
300
The triad of arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis often follows a gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection.
Reactive arthritis
300
This rare bone marrow failure syndrome presents in childhood with café-au-lait spots and thumb abnormalities.
Fanconi anemia
300
This obligate intracellular parasite causes chronic disease with fetal complications and is linked to undercooked meat.
Toxoplasmosis
400
This eponym refers to progressive supranuclear palsy with vertical gaze palsy and axial rigidity.
Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome
400
The discovery of the blood groups ABO system in 1901 was made by this Austrian immunologist.
Karl Landsteiner
400
This condition presents with recurrent oral/genital ulcers and uveitis, often along the Silk Road.
Behçet’s disease
400
Warm hemolytic anemia can show this finding on a blood film.
Spherocytes
400
This hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is transmitted by rodent droppings and was recently credited as the cause of death of a celebrity's wife
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HFRS)
500
This eponymous lesion of tuberculosis in the spine can cause vertebral collapse and gibbus deformity
Pott’s disease
500
This cylindrical device, used during mid-20th century polio outbreaks, helped patients breathe by creating negative pressure around the body.
Iron lung
500
This rare autosomal recessive autoinflammatory syndrome is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene and is associated with AA amyloidosis as a long-term complication
Familial Mediterranean fever
500
This disease, marked by defective CD55 and CD59 expression, causes intravascular hemolysis and can lead to aplastic anemia or thrombosis
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
500
This systemic fungal infection mimics tuberculosis and is endemic to parts of Latin America
Paracoccidioidomycosis