Acquired 1
Difficulty in naming things, objects, and people
Client may know what s/he wants to say, but have difficulty finding the right word for it.
May struggle to find the word in her/his brain
What is anomia?
Omission of grammatic elements
articles, prepositions, conjunctions, and grammatical morphemes
Results in telegraphic speech
Client struggles to speak in short phrases
Client is not fluent – the speech is full of pauses and broken phrases and lacks normal intonation patterns
What is agrammatism?
difficulty understanding the meaning of sensory information
What is agnosia?
What are two types of treatment?
What are
Restorative
Compensatory
Restorative – treating strength and movement coordination directly
Compensatory – environment, AAC
In the case of a neurodegenerative disorder, the goal may be to maintain current levels as long as possible before further deterioration.
What are treatments for Dysarthria?
Word substitution problem
Words they cannot remember are substituted for by wrong or unusual words
Found in aphasic people who can speak fluently and grammatically
What are paraphasias?
Fluent but meaningless speech.
Patterns of intonation are normal.
(Opposite of agrammatic speech.)
Client responds to questions “normally” but the meaning of the utterance is irrelevant.
What is jargon?
What is auditory verbal agnosia?
What is
the client can hear
cannot recognize the meaning of words unless the object is shown
What are two types of Restorative Treatments?
What are VIT=Visual Action Therapy (Patient is taught to use gestures to represent objects) and
MIT = Melodic Intonation Therapy (Attempt to enlist the right hemisphere by having the patient sing)
Used with Broca’s
What are fasciculations?
What are muscle twitches?
What is Phonemic paraphasia/
Literal paraphasia?
What is
A substituted word that sounds like the correct word.
Example: bug for hug
Real or nonsense words and phrases that are produced involuntarily and carry little, if any, meaning.
What are Stereotypes/Verbal Stereotypes/Neologistic?
What happens during a typical stroke recovery timeline?
What is
Immediately following the stroke, the aphasia and other neurological and health problems are at their worst.
circumvent deficits
Train conversational partners to modify their communication patterns
Teach person with aphasia to use another form of communication that is less affected (e.g. writing or drawing)
Use of AAC devices such as communication board
What are compensatory approaches?
Perceptual qualities of speech
Location of pathology
How is dysarthria diagnosed?
Substituted word has a meaning similar to the correct word.
Example: chair for table
What is Verbal Paraphasia/
Semantic Paraphasia?
Reading may also resemble client's spoken language
What is alexia?
What occurs a few days after the stroke?
What is
the patient begins recovering her/his general health and the swelling in the brain goes down.
Perceptual Qualities
Breathiness
Nasal emission
Difficulty with precise and coordinated movements
Physical Characteristics
Weakness
Atrophy
Fasciculations
What is Flaccid Dysarthria?
These are both offered for people with aphasia and families
Provides psychosocial support
Addresses quality of life issues
What do support groups and counseling services do?
Substituted “word” is made-up and used as if it was a real word
Example: “aplog” for umbrella
What is a neologism?
Writing may resemble client’s spoken language.
Letters may be poorly formed or may be scribbled.
May be effected by paralysis of the preferred hand.
What is agraphia?
The improvement without much help
Most rapid soon after the onset
What is spontaneous recovery?
Perceptual Qualities
Slow rate
Voice sounds harsh
Pitch breaks
Physical Characteristics
Hypertonia
Involuntary facial movements
Hyperactive gag reflex
What is Spastic Dysarthria?
After a stroke, recovery that continues beyond 3 or 4 weeks has been attributed to plasticity, a reorganization of the brain in which functions previously performed by the ischemic area are assumed by other ipsilateral or contralateral brain areas.
What is cortical reorganization?