Stages of Acquisition
Children start to put words together to form two-word utterances
What is the two word stage?
The use of a given word in a narrower context than is appropriate
What is underextension?
Learning that involves conscious awareness of what has been learned
What is explicit learning?
Refers to children having good perception but bad production
What is the Fis Phenomenon?
The first sound infants make other than crying - consists of vowel-like sounds
What is cooing?
The theory that there is a time period during which a human must be exposed to language to acquire it to a native-like ability
What is the Critical Period Hypothesis?
Applying grammar rules in areas they don't apply ("I writed a story"; goed; comed)
What is overgeneralization?
The rules that we use to determine which sounds occur next to each other
What are phonotactics?
Children start to produce single words to convey a meaning
What is the one word or holophrastic stage?
When children assume words refer to whole objects instead of parts or properties
What is Whole Object Constraint?
The process in which linguistic features (from L1) become a permanent part of the way a person speaks in their L2
What is fossilization?
Easier to acquire compared to grammar
What is vocab?
Children produce repeated syllables (C + V) without meaning
What is babbling?
When children assume that each object has only one label (and that different words refer to separate and not overlapping categories)
What is Mutual Exclusivity Constraint?
Avoiding a language feature in L2 because of a lack of confidence or unfamiliarity with it
What is avoidance behavior?
Infants are this, meaning they can hear contrasts in sounds that adults don’t
What are universal listeners?
Children produce more complex phrases without functional elements
What is telegraphic speech?
Universal, rapid, easy, uniform, and not dependent on feedback
What is Child Language Acquisition?
When rules or knowledge of one language are applied to another language
What is cross linguistic transfer?
The L2 language learning strategy of focusing on input rather than output and successful comprehension of what is said
What is comprehensible input?