Atomic & Electronic Structure
This principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
This thermodynamic quantity measures the disorder of a system.
What is entropy?
This periodic trend generally increases down a group due to additional electron shells.
What is atomic radius?
The equilibrium constant expressed in terms of partial pressures.
What is Kp?
This functional group is characterized by a carbon double-bonded to oxygen.
What is a carbonyl group?
The quantum number that describes the shape of an orbital.
What is the angular momentum quantum number, ℓ?
A reaction with a negative ΔG under constant temperature and pressure is described as this.
What is spontaneous?
The type of bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is an ionic bond?
According to Brønsted–Lowry theory, a base is defined as this.
What is a proton acceptor?
Isomers that differ in spatial arrangement but not connectivity.
What are stereoisomers?
This rule explains why electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing.
What is Hund’s Rule?
The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.
What is activation energy?
Hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with tetrahedral electron geometry
What is sp³ hybridization?
The relationship between Ka and Kb for a conjugate acid–base pair.
What is Ka × Kb = Kw?
The type of reaction in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group.
What is a substitution reaction?
The model of the atom that treats electrons as wavefunctions governed by Schrödinger’s equation.
What is the quantum mechanical model?
According to Arrhenius theory, this type of substance increases the concentration of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
What is an Arrhenius base?
This model predicts molecular geometry by minimizing electron pair repulsion.
What is VSEPR theory?
This principle predicts the shift in equilibrium when stress is applied to a system.
What is Le Châtelier’s Principle?
This biomolecule serves as both an energy carrier and a phosphate donor in cells.
What is ATP?
This principle states that the exact position and momentum of an electron cannot be simultaneously known with arbitrary precision.
What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
The step in a reaction mechanism that determines the overall rate of the reaction.
What is the rate-determining step?
This type of bonding involves delocalized electrons and is characteristic of metals.
What is metallic bonding?
A titration curve with a buffer region is characteristic of this type of acid.
What is a weak acid?
The bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis.
What is a peptide bond?