Social Science
The main purpose of the passage is to:
A. argue that Patient H.M. was treated unethically by 1950s psychologists.
B. describe the evolution of the scientific understanding of human memory systems.
C. compare the storage capacity of the human brain to modern computer hardware.
D. explain why episodic memory is more important than semantic memory for daily life.
B. describe the evolution of the scientific understanding of human memory systems.
The passage as a whole can best be described as:
A. a biographical sketch of Edward Hopper’s early life and education.
B. an analysis of the themes and stylistic choices in Hopper’s artwork.
C. a technical manual explaining Hopper’s specific painting techniques.
D. a critique arguing that Hopper was less talented than his contemporaries.
B. an analysis of the themes and stylistic choices in Hopper’s artwork.
Which of the following best describes the "marine snow" mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. Organic debris that falls from the upper layers of the ocean to the floor.
B. The freezing water that seeps into the Earth's crust at tectonic boundaries.
C. The mineral deposits that form the physical structure of a hydrothermal vent.
D. A rare type of deep-sea precipitation found only in the Galápagos Rift.
A. Organic debris that falls from the upper layers of the ocean to the floor.
The passage as a whole is primarily concerned with:
A. the technical difficulties of maintaining a family farm during a drought.
B. a physical confrontation between two siblings over a legal inheritance.
C. the emotional tension and sense of loss experienced by a man returning home.
D. a historical account of how agricultural practices changed in the valley.
C. the emotional tension and sense of loss experienced by a man returning home.
As it is used in the first paragraph, the word static most nearly means:
F. full of interference.
G. unchanging.
H. electrical.
J. energetic.
G
Based on the passage, the "near-miss" in Hopper’s work refers to:
F. the physical danger inherent in mid-century urban environments.
G. the artist’s struggle to achieve commercial success during his lifetime.
H. a moment of suspended action or a lack of communication between subjects.
J. the technical difficulty of painting realistic fluorescent lighting.
H. a moment of suspended action or a lack of communication between subjects.
According to the passage, the primary difference between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis is:
F. the depth at which the biological process can occur.
G. the specific source of energy used to create carbon compounds.
H. the type of organism that is capable of performing the process.
J. the amount of oxygen required to sustain the reaction.
G. the specific source of energy used to create carbon compounds.
Which of the following best describes the "silence" Silas experiences in the first paragraph?
F. A peaceful relief from the chaotic noise of the city.
G. A sign that the farmhouse has been abandoned for decades.
H. A temporary state that Silas hopes to fill with conversation.
J. An oppressive force that feels more substantial than he expected.
J. An oppressive force that feels more substantial than he expected.
According to the passage, the case of Patient H.M. proved that:
A. the hippocampus is the primary site for long-term storage of childhood memories.
B. epilepsy is caused by a malfunction in the medial temporal lobe.
C. the cerebral cortex is responsible for the initial encoding of new experiences.
D. motor skills and factual knowledge are processed by different parts of the brain.
D. motor skills and factual knowledge are processed by different parts of the brain.
The author mentions the "Ashcan School" in the first paragraph primarily to:
A. identify the specific artistic movement that Hopper led for decades.
B. suggest that Hopper’s work was identical in theme to other New York artists.
C. provide a contrast to Hopper’s focus on quiet, isolated moments.
D. explain why Hopper eventually moved away from painting cityscapes.
C. provide a contrast to Hopper’s focus on quiet, isolated moments.
The passage indicates that Riftia pachyptila is unique because it:
A. can survive in temperatures exceeding 400°C.
B. uses its red plume to filter "marine snow" from the water.
C. is the only organism capable of oxidizing hydrogen sulfide.
D. lacks a traditional system for ingesting and digesting food.
D. lacks a traditional system for ingesting and digesting food.
The "sea of waist-high wheat" mentioned in the second paragraph serves as a symbol of:
A. the dangerous nature of Silas's childhood chores.
B. the prosperity and hope that characterized Silas’s youth.
C. the reason Silas decided to pursue a career in the city.
D. Elena’s resentment toward the agricultural lifestyle.
B. the prosperity and hope that characterized Silas’s youth.
Based on the passage, "mental time travel" is a hallmark of which memory system?
A. Semantic memory
B. Procedural memory
C. Episodic memory
D. Consolidation memory
A. Semantic memory
According to the second paragraph, how does Hopper use "negative space" in Nighthawks?
F. To draw the viewer’s attention to the isolation of the figures.
G. To create a sense of warmth and community inside the diner.
H. To hide the faces of the subjects from the viewer’s gaze.
J. To simulate the effect of a camera’s wide-angle lens.
F. To draw the viewer’s attention to the isolation of the figures.
Based on the third paragraph, the relationship between the tube worm and its internal bacteria is "symbiotic" because:
F. both organisms benefit from their physiological exchange.
G. the bacteria eventually consume the worm's trophosome.
H. the worm protects the bacteria from being eaten by eyeless shrimp.
J. the bacteria allow the worm to move to new vents.
F. both organisms benefit from their physiological exchange.
It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that Silas’s primary way of contributing to the farm over the last twelve years was through:
F. physical labor during his summer vacations.
G. providing advice on modern farming techniques.
H. sending financial support from a distance.
J. maintaining the machinery, such as the red tractor.
H. sending financial support from a distance.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the concept of reconsolidation?
F. Memories become stronger and more accurate every time they are recalled.
G. The brain automatically deletes irrelevant information during sleep.
H. Recalling a memory makes it temporarily vulnerable to modification.
J. Facts are harder to remember than personal experiences because they lack emotion.
H. Recalling a memory makes it temporarily vulnerable to modification.
The passage suggests that Hopper’s own view of his work differed from that of critics because he:
A. believed his paintings were meant to be humorous rather than sad.
B. wanted to be remembered as a landscape painter rather than a figure painter.
C. thought that his work perfectly captured the "Great American Century."
D. felt the formal elements of the painting were more important than psychological meaning.
D. felt the formal elements of the painting were more important than psychological meaning.
The author most likely uses the word ephemeral in the final paragraph to emphasize that hydrothermal vents are:
F. difficult for scientists to locate.
G. short-lived and prone to disappearing.
H. essential for the survival of all marine life.
J. constantly moving across the ocean floor.
G. short-lived and prone to disappearing.
Elena’s statement, "The rust doesn't take anything... We just stop holding onto it," suggests that she believes:
A. the tractor could be easily repaired with enough effort.
B. the farm’s decline was a natural result of a lack of care and presence.
C. Silas is responsible for the physical decay of the farm tools.
D. the environment in the valley is too harsh for any metal to survive.
B. the farm’s decline was a natural result of a lack of care and presence.