Voltages
What is the voltage of the inside of the axon during resting potential?
What is -70mV?
A neuron uses 3 main channels that allow the neuron to maintain an ideal voltage at -70mV. What channel is the least common out of all 3?
What is the sodium leak channel?
What ion is normally found around the sodium concentration at resting stage?
What is Cl-?
What is the name of the protein wrapped around the neuron?
What is myelin?
What protein extends out from the Z lines of sarcomeres?
What is actin?
What voltage does does the inside of the axon have to reach for it to commit to reaching action potential?
What is -55mV?
During the depolarization stage of action potential, a sodium ion channel is used to flood the inside of the cell with sodium. What structure is located at the base of the channel to stop the movement of ions before the channel is closed?
What is the amino acid ball?
Depolarization is the result of an influx of Na+ ions. In order to counteract this, what ion repolarizes the axon?
What is potassium?
What is significant about the way that the myelin sheath is structured around the neuron?
What is the gaps in between the myelin?
What will occur if the muscle cell runs out of ATP while myosin heads are in a contracted state?
What is contraction won’t release, resulting in a muscle cramp?
What is the voltage of the axon when the neurotransmitter is fired?
What is +30mV?
Although neurons use both chemical and electrical signals, this is the chemical ligand to the postsynaptic cell’s ligand gated channel.
What is a neurotransmitter?
At the end of the depolarization, the membrane potential is at its highest. At the end of repolarization, the membrane potential is at its lowest. What is the net change in the voltage, roughly?
What is -115mV?
The part of the neuron that receives signals is the _____ and the structure that releases neurotransmitters is the _____.
What is dendrite and axon terminal?
What is the name of the signal created in the final neuron for muscle contraction?
What is acetylcholine?
When the inside of the axon polarizes what is the lowest voltage that it reaches?
What is -80mV?
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis is a genetic disease that affects a neuron’s action potential. In this disease, the genes required for sodium channels are mutated, causing a malfunctioning channel to be made. This causes the person to be paralyzed due to lack of which needed process to action potential?
What is depolarization?
When an action potential makes its way down the axon, it depolarizes it using Na+. What is the final depolarizing agent via a voltage ion channel?
What is Ca2+?
What will be the result of the myelin sheath being one neuron-insulating strand with no gaps?
What is slower neurotransmitter movement?
What will happen if tropomyosin is offset on an actin strand and cannot successfully cover myosin binding sites?
What is myosin will be free to bind without Ca2+ ions?
In what stage does the voltage of the axon raise from -70mV to +30mV?
What is depolarization?
In action potential, the sodium potassium pump plays a vital role in the maintenance of the ion balance. By taking the 2 ions against their concentrations, what pump is a key example of this type of transport?
What is coupled?
In a graded potential state, the influx of some K+ ions causes this to occur, or graphically represented, a dip in the graph prior to threshold
what is hyperpolarization?
At resting potential, the main ion found inside the neuron is ______ and the main ion found on the outside is ______.
What is K+ and Na+?
What will be the result of a lack of Ca2+ ions in the sarcomeres of myofibrils?
What is inability for myosin to bind to actin, resulting in the muscles being unable to contract?