Electrochemistry
Which ion depolarizes the axon of the neuronal membrane?
Na+ or sodium
Which part of a neuron receives signals from an adjacent neuron?
Dendrite(s)
What is the resting potential of the neuronal membrane?
-70mV
What is permeability?
Permeability is an ion's ability to cross through an ion channel.
What is the name of the unmyelinated segment of the axon?
Node(s) of Ranvier
Which pump is responsible for moving K+ ions out and Na+ ions into the neuron?
Sodium/Potassium Pump (Will accept Na/K Pump)
What is the area called where neurochemicals are released to be taken up by a juxtaposed neuron?
Cleft(s)
What is the stage called when K+ ions rush out of the neuron causing a more negative state?
Repolarization
Out of the following ions, which is the most permeable? A. Chlorine B. Potassium C. Sodium D. Calcium
B
What is it called when passive currents leap from node to node along the axon?
Saltatory Conduction
Which excitatory neurochemical is secreted from the basal forebrain?
ACh (Acetylcholine)
In the central nervous system (CNS), which cells are responsible for creation and maintainace of the myelin sheaths for neuronal axons? (CORRRECT SPELLING ONLY) 😈
Oligodendrocytes
When the membrance depolarizes and an ion channel opens, a ______ occurs before the ion channel closes and another opens
Refractory Period
What ion has a higher concentration inside the membrane of a neuronal cell?
K+/potassium ions
What are the neuronal membranes composed of?
Lipids
What is the name of the chain reaction when the influx of sodium (Na+) ions open voltage-gated channels causing the neuron to rapidly depolarize down the axon?
Hodgkin-Huxley Cycle
In the CNS, what is the name of the main subtype of glial cells that help regulate the brain-blood barrier (BBB)?
Astrocytes
When a neuron is hyperpolarized, what is the membrane voltage?
-80mV or -90mV
EPSPs activate a voltage gated ion channel at -55mV, this ion channel releases ____ ions which become ____ permeable to the ____ of the cell
EPSPs activate a voltage gated ion channel at -55mV, this ion channel releases SODIUM ions which become MORE permeable and go to the INSIDE the cell
In chemical transmission, what are the two types of post-synaptic receptors called?
Ligand-gated ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
How do the cytoplasms interact with each other during a gap junction and what does this have to do with how electrical signals from action potentials are represented?
The cytoplasms become continuous which allows for electrical signals to be represented in both neurons simlutaneously.
What are the names of the phagocytes that assist in removing damaged cells?
Microglial Cells
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal what follows?
depolarization of the terminal membrane, causing voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open. Th e opening of these channels triggers small vesicles containing neurotransmitt er to fuse with the membrane at the synapse and release the transmitt er into the synaptic clef
Why would a gated ion channel change it's permeability?
In order to help manage the rate at which action potentials fire, a gated ion channel would change it's permeability to certain ions in accordance with the current voltage of it's envrionment.
Myelin Sheaths allow signals to travel to speeds up to ___ m/s
120