Lab Panels
Complete Blood Count
RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets
What would elevated levels of neutrophils indicate?
Possible active infection
Most abundant cation in body- maintains osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and transmitting nerve impulses
Normal: 135-145
What is Central Venous Pressure measuring? What are the normal values?
Venous, right atrium compliance, Intrathoracic pressure, hypo/hypervolemia
Related to fluid!!
Normal: 8-12
What are the PT implications for a patient with Increased Bilirubin?
Abdominal discomfort, monitor symptoms to determine parameters during intervention
What is a BMP panel? What is included in it?
Basal metabolic panel
Sodium, potassium, BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium, chloride, bicarb
What would elevated lymphocytes indicate?
may indicate an active or viral infection
ex.) measles, mumps, rubella, mononucleosis
What would elevated and decreased levels of chloride cause in the body? What are the normal levels?
Elevated levels are related to acidosis
Decreased levels might indicate water defeciency crossing the membrane (edema)
Normal: 95-105
What is Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure measuring? What are the normal values?
Used to assess left ventricular filling
If too HIGH--> may indicate blockage distally
Normal:8-12 mmHg
What are some things we should consider if a patients lab values show decreased albumin synthesis?
They may have decreased thoracic compliance (diaphragm impairment), altered COG and muscle atrophy/fragility
What is a CMP panel? What is included in it?
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel
LFT- liver function tests (AST, ALT, ALP, Bilirubin, ALbumin)
When would we see elevated monocyte levels?
Seen in tissue breakdown or chronic infections
ex.) carcinomas, leukemia, lymphomas
What would increased levels of BUN indicate? What about low levels? What is the normal?
High levels: excessive protein intake, kidney damage, low fluid intake, excessive exercise, heart failure
Low levels: malabsorption, liver damage
Normal:7-20
What are we concerned of if a patient has an abnormal WBC count? What is the normal WBC?
Too low: Risk of infection, avoid activities that increase risk
Too high: most likely have an infection
Normal 5-10x10^9
If a patient has portal hypertension what organ is it most likely affecting? What do we need to keep in mind for treating this patient?
Affects the liver
Monitor for hypotension, bleeding may occur spontaneously, altered mental status, decreased safety awareness
What is an ABG panel and what is in an ABG panel?
Arterial blood gas
pH, HCO3, PaCO2
What does a high INR indicate? What is the normal value and what should we be careful of?
Indicates they have thinner blood
0.8-1.2
They are at higher risk for bleeding and bruising
Patients with cardiac devices or valve replacements will have high INR
What is Creatinine? What are low and high levels associated with and what is the normal range?
Clinical marker of kidney function
High: AKI, CKI, muscle breakdown
Low: AKI, protein starvation, liver disease, pregnancy
Normal: 0.6-1.5
What are we concerned about if a patient has low platelets? What are the normal values?
Fall risk awareness, they don't have sufficient clotting ability- check for active signs of bleeding, avoid valsalva
Normal: 140,000- 400,000
If a patient has diminished phagocytic activity, what are we worried about?
Increase risk of infection
What are the normal values for hematocrit, hemoglobin and RBC?
Hematocrit: M- 41-50, F-36-44
Hemoglobin: M- 13-18, F- 12-16
RBC: M- 4.7-6.1, F- 4.2-5.4
What are the consequences of very low or high potassium levels? What is the normal value?
Low (hypokalemia): myocytes become hyperexcitable with promote cardiac arrythmias or even sudden cardiac death
High (hyperkalemia): can lead to cardiac arrhythmias or sudden death
Normal: 3.5- 5
What is the normal range for MAP? What is it measuring?
70-100 mmHg
Average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle
If a patient's Hemoglobin and Hematocrit are low, what as PT's do we need to consider?
Monitor all vitals closely, may have tachycardia or tachypnea, symptom based approach