Anatomy
What artery directly supplies blood to the heart?
a. Femoral artery
b. Brachial artery
c. Carotid artery
d. Coronary artery
d. coronary artery
All of the following are common sounds that could potentially be heard in a patient having an MI except...
A. Stridor
B. S3 heart sounds
C. crackles
D. S4 heart sounds
A. stridor is an indication of an airway obstruction.
A blood clot that completely blocks the coronary artery, preventing the heart from receiving oxygen and can eventually lead to death is a...
myocardial infarction
True or False
Women have a worse outcome than men when having an MI.
True.
MI symptoms in women are often overlooked and misdiagnosed by healthcare staff.
What is the most important question to ask a male client before administering nitroglycerin?
Have you recently taken any medications for erectile dysfunction?
What is happening to the heart during the S1 (lub) sound?
Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve.
True or False
A patient should call 911 after administering 3 does of their prescribed nitroglycerin and there is no relief?
False.
They should call 911 if their first dose is not effective at relieving their chest pain.
What can build up in the coronary arteries over time from hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and poor diet?
Plaque
Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for developing acute coronary syndrome?
A. A 30 year-old female recently diagnosed with a heart murmur.
B. A 42 year-old African American man who has been smoking a pack a day since he was 18.
C. A 58 year-old female who's father passed away from a heart attack.
D. A 22 year-old male who is a type 1 diabetic.
B.
African Americans have a higher likely hood to develop cardiac disease. Smoking is a major risk factor for developing ACS.
A patient who is newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease asks why they are being prescribed aspirin to take daily? What is the best response by the nurse?
A. To dissolve any clots that form in your body and prevent a heart attack or stroke.
B. To help prevent the clots form forming together and potentially causing a heart attack or stroke.
C. To lower cholesterol levels.
D. The prevent the formation of platelets to prevent a heart attack or stroke.
B
What structure of the heart carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs?
a. pulmonary artery
b. pulmonary vein
c. coronary artery
d. coronary vein
b. pulmonary vein
What actions could the nurse take to reduce the anxiety of a patient experiencing chest pain? (Select all that apply)
A. Remain with the patient at all times
B. Dim lights, close door, and leave patient to sleep
C. Explain the heart's function is being monitored
D. Explain the different procedures and actions being taken
E. Turn on the TV for distraction
F. Allow the family to be involved in the care
A, C, D, F
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Polycythemia
D. Thrombocythemia
B.
Thrombocytopenia is a condition where the body has a low blood platelet count.
A nurse on a med-surg floor has a patient on telemetry and notices the monitor displaying that the patient is having ST-elevation. What is the first thing the nurse should do?
A. Notify the physician.
B. Prepare to administer prescribed nitroglycerin and aspirin.
C. Assess the patient.
D. Wait another 15 and recheck the monitor as it might not be picking up the rhythm correctly.
C.
A patient who recently experienced an MI is being educated on lifestyle changes. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching.
A. Since, I'll be exercising more I'll start eating more protein like bacon and steak.
B. I've been considering retiring from being a police officer and I think it might be time.
C. I'm going to begin taking walks around my neighborhood every morning.
D. I will invest in a blood pressure cuff and pulse reader and take my blood pressure and pulse rate regularly.
C
Bacon and steak are both red meats that should be avoided in patients following a heart healthy diet.
Name the 3 tissue layers of the heart.
Endocardium (innermost layer)
Myocardium (muscular middle layer)
Epicardium (protective outer layer)
All of the following are signs and symptoms of an MI except...
A. Diaphoresis
B. Pallor
C. Anxiety
D. Arm drifting
D
This is a sign of a stroke.
True or false
The muscles of the heart can be restored after an MI?
False
During an MI, the cells are starved of oxygen causing them to die. Once the cells die they create scar tissue.
Unstable angina can lead to which complications (select all that apply)
A. Cardiogenic shock
B. Heart failure
C. DVT
D. Pulmonary edema
E. Arrhythmias
A, B, D, E.
What does it mean when aspirin is referred to as "baby aspirin"?
Aspirin is given in a low or "baby" dose for cardiac situations to prevent the formation of clots.
Describe the blood flow through the heart.
1) blood enters through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium
2) blood is pushed from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
3) blood from the right ventricle is pushed through the pulmonary valve through the pulmonary artery into the lungs
4) oxygenated blood returns back from the lungs through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium
5) blood from the left atrium is pushed through the mitral valve into the left ventricle
6) blood from the left ventricle is pushed through the aortic valve through the aorta to the rest of the body.
You are instructed to assist in collecting data on a female patient. Which of these findings should be reported as they are symptoms of a MI? (select all that apply)
A. Fatigue
B. Dizziness
C. Nausea
D. Pain in between shoulder blades
E. Sweating
F. shortness of breath
Describe the difference between stable and unstable angina.
Stable angina: typically caused by activity or emotional stress that is expected by the client. Can be relieved by rest and nitrates.
Unstable angina: Unexpected chest pain that usually occurs with rest that can eventually lead to an MI.
All of the following are considered heart healthy food items except...
A. Oatmeal
B. Dark chocolate
C. Strawberries
D. Whole milk
D.
What tests can the nurse anticipate being ordered by the physician to rule out an MI in a patient having chest pain?
EKG, Coronary angiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac catherization troponin t, troponin 1, lactate, myoglobin, CK MB, c-reactive protein, myoglobin.