DKA
Signs/ Symptoms
HHS
Treatment
Insulin
100
Normal metabolic process that the body uses when not enough carbohydrates are available for fuel.
What is Ketosis.
100

In DKA hyperglycemia is defined when blood glucose levels are elevated above?

What is greater than 250mg/dL

100
Unlike Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) HHNS or HHS lacks the presence of what?
What is Ketone bodies, ketones in urine, or ketoacidosis?
100
For both DKA and HHS the first line of treatment is.
What is IV Hydration with 0.9% NS?
100
Glargine is what type of Insulin?
What is Long-acting insulin?
200
These 3 abnormalities combine in the cause of DKA.
What is Hyperglycemia, Acidosis, Ketosis
200
A patient with Type 2 DM is admitted to the medical unit with pneumonia. The patient is started on insulin for glucose control. This is because stress related states increase the risk of
What is Hyperglycemia
200
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic nonketotic Syndrome has been renamed to what?
What is Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)?
200
Before starting IV insulin treatment, which electrolyte level would the nurse check for first?
What is Potassium?
200
Insulin's action in the cell is what?
What is moving glucose into the cell?
300
Too fast of treatment is correlated with this often fatal complication of DKA.
What is Cerebral Edema
300
If a patient with HHS has a high anion gap, what is contributing to the disease process?
What is lactic acid.
300

What acid-base imbalance is seen in HHS?

What is mild acidosis?

300
Fluid replacement alone has shown to reduce glucose concentrations by how much?
What is 75-100 mg/hr?
300
What is the onset of rapid acting insulin? aspart (Novolog) lispro (Humalog) glulisine (Apidra)
What is 5-15 minutes?
400
A complication of DKA treatment is Hyperkalemia, which can cause what three major complications.
What are Cardiac Arrythmias, Cardiac Arrest, Respiratory Muscle Weakness
400

Polyuria, Polyphagia, Polydipsia, Weight loss, and weakness are symptoms of HHS that arise due to the extreme elevation of what?

What is Blood Glucose levels?

400
Name four counterregulatory hormones that can contribute to the inadequate insulin response by the body?
What is Glucagon, Catecholamines (Epinephrine), Cortisol, and Growth hormone?
400
In DKA when a client's Blood Glucose level reaches 250mg/dL what type of IV solution should be administered?
What is D5 in .45% NS?
400
Lantus, glargine can be mixed in the same syringe with what type of insulin?
What is nothing!
500
In an attempt to blow off CO2 to compensate for the metabolic acidosis of DKA, this type of abnormal respiration is often present.
What are Kussmaul Respirations
500
This term describes when urine is positive for ketones.
What is Ketonuria?
500
Name Six Risk factors for HHNS/ HHS.
What is Poor Kidney Function, Limited Access to Water, Older Age, Poor management of Diabetes, Heart Failure, and Burns?
500
Over-hydration and acute pulmonary edema are complications of DKA treatment, particularly in?
Who Are: children with DKA, Adults with compromised renal or cardiac function, and Elderly with incipient CHF?
500
This insulin counterregulatory hormone is released by the pituitary gland.
What is growth hormone?
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