Renal & Urinary
This condition is caused by supersaturated urine leading to crystal formation and severe flank pain.
What is a kidney stone (urinary tract calculi)?
Normal ICP range.
What is 5–15 mmHg?
The normal pH range of arterial blood.
What is 7.35–7.45?
This electrolyte imbalance causes peaked T waves.
What is hyperkalemia?
This type of IV fluid expands intravascular volume and is used for hypotension or hypovolemia.
What is an isotonic solution (0.9% NaCl or LR)?
This is the priority nursing intervention after lithotripsy to ensure treatment effectiveness.
What is straining all urine to collect stone fragments?
This ICP level requires immediate intervention.
What is greater than 20 mmHg?
A patient with hypoventilation and CO₂ retention is experiencing this imbalance.
What is respiratory acidosis?
This electrolyte imbalance causes U waves and muscle weakness.
What is hypokalemia?
A patient with dehydration and hypernatremia needs a fluid that moves water into the cells.
What is a hypotonic solution (0.45% NaCl or D5W)?
A patient reports weak stream, straining, and incomplete emptying after radiation therapy. This condition is most likely causing obstruction.
What is a urethral or ureteral stricture?
This classic triad indicates late increased ICP.
What is Cushing’s triad (↑BP, ↓HR, irregular respirations)?
This compensation occurs in metabolic acidosis.
What is increased respiratory rate (Kussmaul respirations)?
Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs indicate this imbalance.
What is hypocalcemia?
A patient with severe hyponatremia and seizures requires this type of IV fluid.
What is a hypertonic solution (3% NaCl)?
This complication of kidney stones can lead to loss of kidney function if untreated.
What is hydronephrosis?
A patient progresses from decorticate to decerebrate posturing. This indicates:
What is worsening brain injury/brainstem involvement?
A patient with vomiting and high HCO₃⁻ is experiencing this imbalance.
What is metabolic alkalosis?
A sodium imbalance causing confusion, seizures, and dilution is:
What is hyponatremia?
A trauma patient with hypotension and active bleeding. What is the priority fluid choice.
What is isotonic fluid (0.9% NS or LR bolus)?
A patient with fever, flank pain, and CVA tenderness is suspected of having this condition, which can progress to urosepsis.
What is acute pyelonephritis?
Diffuse axonal injury is caused by this mechanism.
What is rapid acceleration/deceleration causing axonal tearing?
ROME helps interpret ABGs. This stands for:
What is Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal?
The priority lab value requiring immediate intervention due to life threatening cardiac dysthymias.
severe potassium imbalance
Greater than 5.0 mEq/L
A patient with increased ICP, this fluid should be avoided because it can worsen cerebral edema.
What is hypotonic fluids (e.g., 0.45% NaCl, D5W)?