Botulism
Cause of botulism
What is Bacterial Infection By Clostridium Botulinum Causing Paralysis?
The cause of cleft lip and palate
What is Congenital malformation and/or genetic factors.
Pathophysiology of GER and GERD
What is Underdeveloped or weak lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
•GER: Stomach contents flow back into the esophagus
•GERD: Severe and long-lasting form of GER
The pathophysiology of pyloric stenosis
What is Narrowing of pylorus causes projectile vomiting, obstruction impedes food from stomach to intestine?
The pathophysiology of appendicitis
What is Inflammation of the appendix
Manifestations of botulism poisoning
What is Observation Of Weakness In Facial, Eye, Or Mouth Muscles
Neuromuscular Fatigue Points In Infants
In children under 1 year old, constipation or other muscle dysfunction that affects crying, sucking, or swallowing may be a cue of botulism
Risk factors for cleft palate
What is Genetic predisposition, maternal smoking, substance use, folic acid deficiency, certain medications?
Causes of GERD
What is
•Overfeeding, diet, health conditions affecting the GI tract, weak LES
•Emotional issues contributing to functional changes
The etiology of pyloric stenosis
What is unknown?
How appendicitis occurs
What is blockage in appendix leads to infection and inflammation?
Food infants under a year cannot have due to potential risk of botulism
What is honey?
Type of racial population with higher rates of cleft lip
What is Asian?
Most common age of GERD in children
What is infancy through 12-24 months?
Risk factors for pyloric stenosis
What is
•Family history, prematurity, young parents, low maternal education
•Maternal smoking, bottle-feeding, erythromycin exposure
Complication of appendicitis
What is Necrosis, perforation and peritonitis?
Treatments for botulism
What is Hospitalization, Botulism Antitoxin, botulism immune globulin (BIG), Wound Debridement?
Types of issues that cleft lip and palate can create in kids
What is feeding and speech difficulties, dental issues, ear infections?
Nursing care of GERD
What is
•Positioning, smaller frequent feedings, avoiding trigger foods
•Medications like proton pump inhibitors or histamine antagonists
The treatment for pyloric stenosis
What is pyloromyotomy surgery which releases the constriction?
The ages at which males have an increased risk for appendicitis
What is ages 10-19?
Incubation period for Botulism
What is 10-30 days?
Treatments for cleft palate
What is surgical repair, feeding support, speech therapy?
Diagnostic tests used for GERD
What is Xray, Endoscopy?
The classic presentation of pyloric stenosis
What is:
•Healthy at birth, develops projectile vomiting weeks later
•Non-bilious vomit, hunger, poor weight gain, abdominal distension
•Palpable mass in abdomen, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances
The classic physical assessment finding of appendicitis
What is abdominal pain starting near umbilicus, migrating to lower left quadrant (McBurney's point)?