How long after injury does the inflammation phase begin?
What is immediately.
100
What is the overall job of the chemical mediators in the inflammation process?
What is to limit the amount of exudate that builds up after injury, thus promoting healing.
100
The wasting away of muscle tissue that begins immediately after injury and should be prevented as much as possible
What is atrophy.
100
Neutrophils exit the capillary walls through a process called _________.
What is diapedesis.
100
What is a cellular function, particularly of neutrophils and monocytes, whose phagocytic activity is influenced by chemical factors released by invading microorganisms.
What is chemotaxis.
200
How long does the inflammatory phase typically last?
What is about 4-6 days.
200
Which mediator is responsible for vasodilation and increased permeability?
What is histamine.
200
The use of these has been known to inhibit fibroplasia, capillary proliferation, and collagen synthesis.
What are corticosteriods
200
What type of cells secrete histamine?
What are mast cells.
200
How can you differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation?
What is neutrophils play a dominate role in acute, whereas lymphocytes and monocytes are more prominent in chronic
300
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
What are swelling, pain, redness, heat, and loss of function.
300
What are two types of leukocytes that are active during this phase?
What are neutrophils and macrophages.
300
True or False: Humidity, climate, and oxygen tension can significantly effect the healing process.
What is true.
300
The washing or cutting away of necrotic (dead) tissue and foreign material
What is debridement.
300
The process of neutrophils and macrophages lining up along the cell wall
What is margination
400
What three types of responses contribute to the inflammatory phase?
What are chemical, vascular, and cellular.
400
What chemical during the process prevents blood clotting?
What is heparin.
400
Explain the difference in primary and secondary intention healing.
What is primary intention wounds have clean edges and are connected, leading to good healing. Whereas second intention have jagged, separated edges and lead to defective, excessive scarring.
400
Which two chemical mediators cause a painful response?
What are prostaglandin and bradykinin.
400
What is the difference between exudate and transudate fluid?
What is transudate is mostly clear and has a low protein and cellular concentration.
500
What are the nine stages of acute inflammation?
What are injury, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, swelling, increased vascular permeability, more swelling, healing arrives, phagocytosis, inflammation.
500
What is the most important and long lived chemical mediator?
What are macrophages.
500
Name three other factors that may impede healing (not mentioned in earlier questions)
What are edema, hemorrhage, poor vascular supply, muscle spasm, keloid scar, infection, health, age, and nutrition.
500
These proteins are released by infected cells and help protect surrounding uninfected cells.
What are interferons.
500
Is it possible for bacteria to escape phagocytosis, and if so how?
What is yes, by being mobile, having a slimy capsule, and secreting exotoxin