Pathophysiology
Hypertension and this endocrine condition are the two leading causes of chronic kidney disease.
What is diabetes mellitus?
Shortness of breath and crackles in the lungs may be observed in patients with this complication of kidney failure.
What is pulmonary edema?
This class of antimicrobials (antibiotics) are directly toxic to the renal tubule (nephrotoxic).
What are aminoglycosides?
A nurse should avoid taking a blood pressure or performing venipuncture on a patient's arm if this is in place for use in hemodialysis.
Unlike hemodialysis, this form of dialysis can often be performed by patients in their own homes.
What is peritoneal dialysis?
What is pre-renal AKI?
This is a common early sign of AKI that is defined as a decrease in urine output < 400 mL per day.
What is oliguria?
This loop diuretic is commonly used to treat fluid overload in patients with AKI/CKD who can still produce urine.
What is furosemide (Lasix)?
A patient with CKD has a potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. This diagnostic assessment is the nurse's priority.
What is an EKG (electrocardiogram)?
All forms of CKD are characterized by a reduction in what key lab value that reflects a reduction in the number of functioning nephrons?
What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Neurogenic bladder, renal calculi, and prostatic hyperplasia all cause obstruction of urine outflow from the kidney, representing what kind of AKI?
What is post-renal AKI?
Strict control of this comorbidity has been shown to slow the progression of renal impairment and kidney disease.
This class of drugs is the first-choice for blood pressure control in those with kidney disease due its effects on glomerular microcirculation.
What are ACE inhibitors?
The nurse is providing discharge education for a CKD patient regarding foods to avoid. What is the prescribed diet?
What is a low-potassium diet?
Increased excretion of what urinary protein is a key marker for diagnosis of CKD?
A patient develops AKI after receiving a large dose of IV contrast during their CT scan. This is an example of what type of AKI?
What is intra-renal AKI?
A patient with kidney disease presents with peaked T-waves on EKG and profound muscle weakness, which are symptoms of this electrolyte abnormality common in CKD/kidney failure.
What is hyperkalemia?
A patient with hyperkalemia due to kidney failure may require this medication to help shift potassium from the bloodstream back into cells.
What is insulin with dextrose?
The nurse should monitor this lab value closely as it is the best indicator of kidney function.
What is serum creatinine?
Due to uremia and prolonged dialysis, this complication of CKD can occur, potentially leading to cardiac tamponade.
What is pericarditis?
Loss of kidney function causes retention of phosphate and decreased activation of Vitamin D, leading to this mineral imbalance.
What is hypocalcemia?
A CKD patient is complaining of persistent itching despite no visible rash. This symptom is caused by the buildup of this in the bloodstream.
What are uremic toxins?
What is IV calcium gluconate?
Upon auscultating a patient's AV fistula, what finding would indicate to the nurse that there may be a loss of fistula patency (occclusion or thrombosis)?
What is a thrill or bruit?
Following hemodialysis, a patient appears confused, reports nausea and headache. These findings are most consistent with this complication.
What is dialysis disequilibrium syndrome?