ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Patho/Other

100

The thickening of the artery wall due to the gradual build-up of plaque.

What is atherosclerosis?

200

The complete occlusion of a coronary artery will mostly lead to a diagnosis of this type of acute myocardial infarction.

What is a STEMI

300

Damage to this artery is the reason why most myocardial infarctions involve the left ventricle.

What is the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)?

400

The client diagnosed with rule-out MI is experiencing chest pain while walking to the bathroom.  Which action should the nurse implement first?

Have the client sit down, stop all activity 

500

After and MI, characteristic changes appear on the EKG within what time frame?

2-12 hours, but may take as long as 3 days to develop 

Etiology

100

This is the common term for a myocardial infarction.

What is heart attack?

200

A myocardial infarction occurs when there is a diminished blood supply to the heart, also known as this.

What is myocardial ischemia?

300

When an interruption in the supply of myocardial oxygen and nutrients through a blood vessel occurs it is called this.

What is an occlusion?

400

What causes a heart attack?

What is Coronary Artery Disease, causes plaque build up in arteries, plaque ruptures causing a blood clot to block coronary artery?

What is severe spasm or sudden contraction of a coronary artery?

500

When a heart attack occurs, the heart loses its special functions

What is automaticity, excitability, conductivity, contractibility and rhythmicity?

Clinical Manifestations

100

During an acute MI, a patient’s breathing will appear like this.

What is labored and rapid?

What is dyspnea?

What is tachypneic?

200

Women have vague symptoms of heart attack such as________

What is indigestion, heartburn, fatigue

300

Patients with Diabetes experience these type of symptoms with MI

What is asymptomatic or silent?

400

Patient skin appear ______ during a heart attack 

What is diaphoretic or clammy?

What is pale?

500

Men typically complain of ______ pain under the chest during a heart attack 

What is substernal?

Diagnostics

100

 3 classic ECG changes in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

What is ST-segment elevation, T-wave elevation, abnormal Q-wave

200

These lab tests include: Troponin, CK-MB, & Myoglobin.

What are serum cardiac markers for AMI?

300

This lab test has the highest sensitivity to myocardial damage & necrosis.

What is troponin?

400

Cardiac enzymes that rises faster than Troponin but is not the gold standard to diagnose MI

What is Myoglobin?

500

Test that looks at how the heart responds to stress

What is a stress test?

Miscellaneous

100

In the first hour of an AMI you are at greatest risk for these.   Can occur within 72 of MI

What are dysrhythmias?

200

Door to needle time to administer thrombolytic therapy

What is administer in 30 minutes but no greater than 90 minutes?

300

This artery and vein are used for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

What is internal mammary and saphenous vein?

400

What is the mnemonic for the medication used to treat an acute MI?   What is the correct sequence of the medications?

What is Mona? Morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin 

What is Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerin, morphine 

500

Procedure performed in cath lab to reestablish blood flow to the heart using a balloon tipped catheter and stent placement 

What is Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) or Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)