This condition can occur 48 hours after intubation from colonization of bacteria in the lungs. S/S include: fever, Temp, Leukocytosis, and Pulmonary infiltrates.
What is ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)?
100
This intervention must be done prior to initiating antibiotics.
What is a culture?
100
These are the ways in which placement is checked on an endotracheal tube?
What is breath sounds, CO2, and Chest X-ray?
100
This causes carbon dioxide to be exhaled at a rapid rate resulting in alkalosis.
What is hyperventilation?
100
This type of ventilation gives clients a set number of mechanical breaths with a preset tidal volume no matter the client's effort.
What is assist-control ventilation?
200
This cause of respiratory failure is caused by blood exiting the without undergoing gas exhange.
What is a shunt?
200
This medication may be given if pulmonary fluid is a result of a cardiac issue.
What is furosemide (Lasix)?
200
This invasive line may be placed to determine if fluid in the lungs are pulmonary or cardiac in origin.
What is a pulmonary artery catheter?
200
This is a complication associated with clients on SIMV or CPAP mode on the ventilator.
What is hypoventilation?
200
This setting on the ventilator provides positive pressure at the end of expiration so that alveoli remain open to improve gas exchange. Decreased CO & BP is a risk of this setting.
What is positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)?
300
This type of respiratory failure is caused by drug overdose, brainstem infarction, or spinal cord injuries.
What is hypercapnic respiratory failure?
300
These medications are given to relieve airway inflammation.
What are corticosteroids?
300
The amount of fluid needed per day to liquify respiratory secretions.
What is 2-3L/day?
300
This complication is discovered when the nurse notices breath sounds are only present on the right side. The tube must be repositioned.
What is right mainstem intubation?
300
This ventilator alarm will sound if there are secretions in the airway, the client is biting the tube, and if the client is coughing.
What is the high pressure alarm?
400
This condition is characterized by hypoxemia despite O2 administration. Alveoli fill with fluid, fibrosis and atelectasis develop. Lung compliance is decreased. Lungs are "stiff" and require higher pressures to ventilate.
What is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
400
Medications given during intubation to promote complete muscle relaxation. Sedatives are required prior to their administration.
What are neuromuscular blockers?
400
Position used for ARDS in which clients are placed face down in order to get fluid out of the dependent parts of the lungs.
What is proning?
400
This complication may result in stridor, respiratory distress, and hypoxemia.
What is extubation?
400
This type of ventilation has a preset RR & TV but if the client initiates a breath they receive their own tidal volume not the mechanical one.
What is synchronized mechanical ventilation (SIMV)?
500
This cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure is a result of thickened, damaged alveolar membranes from pulmonary fibrosis. Gas exchange is slow & hypoxemia is more pronounced during exercise.
What is diffusion limitation?
500
Medications that open up the airways and decrease the work of breathing.
What are bronchodilators?
500
Interventions nurses must implement to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP).
What is hand hygiene, HOB 30 degrees, asepsis with suctioning, oral care q2h, oral suctioning, and avoidance of saline?
500
This complication is associated with large tidal volumes used that result in alveolar fractures and movement of fluid/proteins into lungs.
What is volutrauma?
500
This a complication of mechanical ventilation caused by too much tidal volume and PEEP that causes lungs to distend and alveoli to rupture. The air escapes into the pleural cavity causing a pneumothorax.