Adaptation
Name three things animals compete for.
Mates, shelter, food and water
What is variation?
What type of graph do you draw to show continuous data?
Histogram
Name the chemical which carries genetic information in organisms.
DNA
Evolution
Animals and plants have limited resources to share. So, they must ____________
Compete
State two types of variation, with an example!
Inherited variation (eye colour, blood type)
Environmental variation (tattoos, scars)
What type of graph do you draw for discontinuous data?
Bar chart (to show categories)
The sections of DNA which code for characteristics are called...
Genes
These objects are proof of evolution.
Fossils
Give two examples of adaptations which could help a rabbit to survive in the wild.
Large ears to hear predators
Strong legs to jump quickly away from predators
What is inherited variation?
Variation which occurs in characteristics inherited from our parents.
Several students in the class will share the same eye colour. However, the height will vary greatly.
What do we call these two types of variation?
Eye colour is discontinuous
Height is continuous
Name three scientists involved in the discovery of the DNA model.
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins
James Watson
Francis Crick
State three ways organisms can become extinct.
- Change in environment
- Destruction of habitat
- Outbreak of disease
- Introduction of new predators or prey
Why do trees lose their leaves in winter?
Saves energy
Fallen leaves provide a layer of warmth
Nutrients from the decaying fallen leaves can be absorbed from the soil
Give three examples of environmental variation.
Tattoos, scars, dyed hair colour, language
Which graph would you draw to show the number of students in the class with lobed / lobeless ears?
Bar chart - two categories
How many chromosomes are found in a human egg or sperm?
23
What happened to peppered moths in the Industrial Revolution?
The darker moths were more camouflaged on the black, sooty trees. They were more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the genes for darker moths.
Sudden changes in the environment can lead to increased competition as organisms fight to survive. Which organisms will be more likely to survive?
The ones with the most useful adaptations for the new environment.
Why are identical twins useful to observe how the environment affects characteristics?
Because they are genetically identical
What is the name of the curve drawn on a histogram?
Normal distribution
Why do we share characteristics with both our mother and father?
We receive 23 chromosome from our mother (in the egg) and 23 chromosome from our father (in the sperm)
Describe the process of natural selection
1) There is variation in a population
2) The organisms with the most suitable adaptations are more likely to survive. This is the survival of the fittest
3) These organisms will survive
4) The organisms will reproduce and the genes for the useful adaptations will be passed onto their offspring