Antibodies
How many classes of antibodies are there?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 6
c) 5
Intrinsic properties of immunogens include:
A) appropriate physical form.
B) molecular size.
C) sufficient molecular complexity.
D) all the choices are correct.
D) all the choices are correct.
The proliferation of B cells once they are activated is known as:
a) class switching.
b) clonal selection.
c) clonal deletion.
d) clonal expansion.
d) clonal expansion.
Where are class II MHC found, and what cells recognize them?
a) All body cells; T helper cells
b) All body cells; T cytotoxic cells
c) APCs; T helper cells
d) APCs; T cytotoxic cells
c) APCs; T helper cells
All of the following are generally used to produce vaccines except:
A) Toxoids
B) Parts of bacterial cells
C) Live, attenuated viruses
D) Inactivated viruses
E) Antibodies
E) Antibodies
A typical antibody monomer has:
a) two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains.
b) two different light chains and two different heavy chains.
c) two identical light chains and two different heavy chains.
d) two different light chains and two identical heavy chains.
a) two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains.
The specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies are called:
a) PAMPs.
b) haptens.
c) epitopes.
d) active sites.
c) epitopes.
The first antibody B cells make during primary response to an antigen is:
a) IgM.
b) IgG.
c) IgE.
d) IgA.
a) IgM.
T cells are classified by certain glycoproteins on their surface called
a) granzymes.
b) endogenous antigens.
c) clusters of differentiation.
d) interleukins.
c) clusters of differentiation.
What type of vaccine involves host synthesis of viral antigens?
A) Conjugated vaccine
B) Subunit vaccine
C) Nucleic acid vaccine
D) Attenuated whole-agent vaccine
E) Toxoid vaccine
C) Nucleic acid vaccine
The most common circulating antibody, comprising about 80% of the serum immunoglobin, is:
a) IgA.
b) IgC.
c) IgD.
d) IgG.
d) IgG.
An antigenic foreign substance that has a low molecular weight is called a(n):
a) PAMPs.
b) haptens.
c) epitopes.
d) allergen.
b) haptens.
The process by which antigens are coated with antibodies or complement proteins that enhance their phagocytosis is called:
a) apoptosis.
b) neutralization.
c) opsonization.
d) agglutination.
c) opsonization.
Cytotoxic T cells express ___ that binds the _____ on the surface of the APCs.
a) CD4; MHC I
b) CD8; MHC II
c) CD4; MCH II
d) CD8; MCH I
d) CD8; MCH I
A component often added to vaccines to enhances immunogenicity is called ______.
A) Adjuvant
B) Hapten
C) Antigen carrier
D) Epitope
A) Adjuvant
The class of antibody that exists as a pentamer is:
a) IgG.
b) IgM.
c) IgA.
d) IgD.
b) IgM.
Cell surface markers and molecules present in some members of the same species, but not in others are called:
a) epitopes
b) superantigens
c) alloantigens
d) haptens
c) alloantigens
T-dependent antigen activation of B cells occurs in 4 steps. Which of the following is the second step?
a) Digested antigen exposure on the surface of B cell.
b) Activation of B cell and formation of plasma cells
c) T helper subset 2 cell releases cytokines
d) T helper subset 2 cell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II.
d) T helper subset 2 cell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II.
Which one of the following released by activated CD8 cells triggers apoptosis in target cells?
a) granzymes
b) hapten
c) IL-1
d) perforin
a) granzymes
The reaction between an antibody and a soluble antigen, which forms large, interlocking molecular lattices that fall out of solution is called a(n) ________ reaction.
A) agglutination
B) complement fixation
C) immunofluorescence
D) neutralization
E) precipitation
E) precipitation
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) The variable region of a heavy chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
B) The variable region of a light chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
C) The Fc region may attach to a host cell.
D) The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.
E) None, all of the answers are correct.
D) The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.
Superantigens produce a harmful immune response because:
a) They activate too many T cells, causing excessive inflammation and cell damage.
b) They initiate a type I allergic response resulting in excessive inflammation.
c) too many phagocytes are activated and destroy host tissue.
d) a strong immune response is necessary to protect the host from the pathogen.
a) They activate too many T cells, causing excessive inflammation and cell damage.
Which of the following bacterial components would most likely result in B cell stimulation by T-independent antigens type 2?
a) flagella
b) PAMPs
c) plasmid
d) polysaccharides found in capsule
d) polysaccharides found in capsule
Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE?
a) They destroy virus-infected cells.
b) They destroy tumor cells.
c) They destroy cells lacking MHC I.
d) They are stimulated by an antigen.
e) All of these statements are true.
d) They are stimulated by an antigen.
Which of the following method is employed to determine a patient's blood type by mixing the patient's red blood cells with antisera?
A) Direct agglutination reaction
B) Passive agglutination reaction
C) Immunofluorescence
D) Neutralization reaction
E) Precipitation reaction
A) Direct agglutination reaction