Vital Internal Organs & Systems
Duodenum, Jejunum, & Ileum are apart of what organ
Small Intestine
Pale or white gums in an animal can be a warning sign of this serious condition involving inadequate red blood cells or poor circulation.
Anemia
Poor perfusion
Hormones and the endocrine glands
Endocrinology
This endocrine disease in dogs commonly causes polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss.
Diabetes mellitus
This imaging modality is often the first-line choice for evaluating a dog with suspected abdominal organ enlargement, free abdominal fluid, or urinary bladder abnormalities.
Abdominal ultrasonography
This dual-purpose organ produces digestive enzymes like lipase as well as crucial hormones like insulin and glucagon.
Pancreas
A dog that eats chocolate may be poisoned by this stimulant found in cocoa.
Theobromine
The digestive system, stomach, and intestines
Gastroenterology
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is primarily established by evaluating persistent concentrations of this biomarker in blood.
Creatinine (SDMA)
This blood test measures a patient's packed red blood cell volume and is commonly used to evaluate anemia, hemoconcentration, and blood loss.
packed cell volume (PCV)
Hematocrit
This organ in dogs and cats has a left side with three lobes (cranial, middle, caudal) and a right side with four lobes, including an accessory lobe.
Lungs
This emergency occurs when an animal’s body temperature becomes dangerously elevated, often after excessive heat exposure.
Heatstroke
Study of the lungs and respiratory system.
Pulmonology
This electrolyte abnormality is classically associated with hypoadrenocorticism and may produce an increased potassium-to-sodium ratio.
hyperkalemia, often accompanied by hyponatremia
A dog has azotemia, inadequately concentrated urine, and persistent clinical signs of renal dysfunction. These findings raise concern for this organ system's failure.
Renal System
While humans have a vestigial one, this lymphatic organ in dogs and cats acts as a massive blood reservoir and filters out old red blood cells.
Spleen
This life-threatening allergic reaction can cause facial swelling, breathing difficulty, and circulatory collapse.
Anaphylaxis
Joints, muscles, and autoimmune diseases
Rheumatology
Increased appetite, tachycardia, and a palpable thyroid nodule are all symptoms of this
Hyperthyroidism
This radiographic finding describes free gas within the peritoneal cavity and may indicate gastrointestinal perforation in a patient without a recent abdominal procedure.
pneumoperitoneum
Also known as the vomeronasal organ, this specialized structure in the roof of the mouth allows dogs and cats to "taste-smell" pheromones.
Jacobson's organ
During CPR, this ratio of chest compressions to breaths is commonly recommended for dogs and cats when a trained rescuer is providing both.
30 compressions to 2 breaths
The anatomy and diseases of the kidneys
Nephrology
This diagnostic test identifies a patient's antibodies bound directly to the surface of red blood cells, confirming a diagnosis of primary or secondary IMHA.
Direct Coombs' Test
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is primarily associated with cellular injury to this organ
Liver