Addiction Terms
The condition of being physically and mentally dependent on a substance.
What is Addiction?
Vicodin, Oxycontin, Heroin, Codeine
What are opioids?
1) Feel the need to be secretive about gambling.
2) Have trouble controlling gambling.
3) Gamble even when you do not have the money.
4) Family and friends are worried about you.
Gambling addiction / Pathological gambling
When the body requires a specific dose of a particular drug, such as a prescription opioid, in order to prevent withdrawal symptoms
Physical Dependence
This theory assumes that people are predisposed to addiction if they have a family history of it
What are biological or genetic theories?
A gradual using more of the product to achieve the same effect as the first use.
What is Tolerance?
Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine, Amphetamines
What are Stimulants?
This racial/ethnic group in the United States have the highest rates of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and hallucinogen use disorders
American Indian/Alaska Native
When drug or alcohol use is paired with cues, such as money, paraphernalia, particular places, people, time of day, emotions places, people, time of day, emotions (peoples, places and things in 12-step programs)
What is classical conditioning?
This model has the perspective that addiction is a personal choice and has been adopted by certain religious groups, arguably by the criminal justice system
What is the Moral Model?
A medically supervised treatment for alcohol or drug addiction designed to purge the body of substances
What is Medical Detox?
What are benzodiazepines?
Characterized by excessive weight loss; Self-starvation; Preoccupation with foods, progressing restrictions against whole categories of food
Mean age at onset is 17 years; Affects about 1% of all females in late adolescence and early adulthood
Anorexia
Process in which one person observes the behavior of another person and subsequently copies the behavior
Modeling
These theories highlights that the primary problem is emotional pain and alcohol and drugs serves to temporarily relieve the pain.
Psychological Theories
Aimed at reducing negative consequences associated with drug use
What is harm reduction?
Psilocybin mushrooms, LSD, marijuana, ketamine
What are Hallucinogens?
Drugs like alcohol and cocaine increase the effects of this neurotransmitter
What is serotonin?
Repetitive action motivated by avoidance of unpleasant stimuli (such as withdrawal syndrome)
What is negative reinforcement?
According to this view, the dependent behavior is maintained by the reinforcement that the substance use provides, and this, in turn, causes the brain to believe that alcohol and drugs will meet their need for pleasure better than natural means.
Cognitive-behavioral theory
A person, place, thing or event that can result in psychological and then physical relapse.
What is a trigger?
Toluene, plastic cement, paint, gasoline, paint thinners, hair sprays, poppers, nitrous oxide
What are inhalants?
Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise.
Bulimia
This theory posits that sexual and gender minorities are at increased risk for mental health disorders due to the psychosocial stress resulting from experiences of stigmatization and discrimination
Meyer's Minority Stress Theory
These theories assume that particular charateristics or traits predispose an individual to alcohol/drug use.
What are personality theories?