Crime Categories
A person who commits this wrongful act may be required to pay monetary damages to the plaintiff.
Civil wrong or tort.
This basic element of crime is present when the physical act and required intent exist together.
Unity of actus reus and mens rea
This type of intent requires only the actus reus of the crime.
General intent
Offering words of encouragement or acting as a lookout is enough to qualify as an action in facilitating a crime.
Accomplice
This case explained that although the mother (Burgos) did not physically abuse her daughter, she knowingly allowed her boyfriend to continue to discipline her child and did not adequately protect her, resulting in her death.
People v. Stanciel
This act or omission is forbidden by law or penal code as a violation of the public interest.
Crime
A person must possess this in order for the physical act to be voluntary and exercise choice and responsible for the conduct.
Free will
A person becomes criminally liable even when the the consequences were not what the actor intended. Example: during a bank robbery, a robber is killed by a security guard.
Transferred intent
An individual who knowingly aids another, but does not truly have a separate intent to aid in committing the underlying offense. Example: an inmate who holds a knife for another inmate who uses it to kill a guard.
Criminal facilitation.
This case discussed the criminal negligence of a driver who lost control of her vehicle when she had an epileptic seizure and killed four people.
People v. Decina
This is considered a serious offense punishable by more than a year in prison or by death.
Felony
A person who fails to provide necessary care to a child that results in illness, injury or death is guilty of this act.
Omission
A person who voluntarily ignores a substantial or unjustified risk.
Acting Recklessly
This person intentionally assists a person who has committed a felony escape punishment.
Accessory after the fact
This case led the Colorado Supreme Court to reverse the guilty conviction of an agent provocateur because the defendant participated in the crime to set up the other defendant.
Wilson v. People
This classification of insignificant crimes also referred to as infractions such as traffic violations or municipal ordinances.
Petty offenses
This type of crime makes it illegal to have custody or control of illegal items without even using them in the prescribed or illegal manner.
Possessory offense.
This social psychological theory states people are less likely to offer help a victim in the presence of other people.
Bystander Effect Theory
This accomplice may provide assistance to the primary actor but actually intends for the primary actor to fail in their criminal endeavor.
Feigning accomplice or agent provocateur.
In this case, the defendants charge was overturned after the U.S. Supreme Court formed the opinion that DEA agents entrapped the defendant by providing money, a location and supplies for methamphetamine to be manufactured.
United States v. Twigg
A defense attorney or a public defender may try to reduce a felony charge to this type of crime if it is available.
Misdemeanor.
This refers to the emotional reason that a person may commit an illegal act.
Intent
As a result of Kitty Genovese's murder, this was created to aid in summoning police.
911 system.
This occurs when an accomplice assists in accomplishing a crime.
Aiding and abetting
A police officer asked a suspected drug dealer to buy drugs. At the time the dealer had none to sell but gave information to the undercover police officer of another person who sold drugs. The undercover purchased the drugs from the second dealer and arrested both and charged the first dealer as an accomplice.
State v. Gladstone