1. Adjective Clauses: Multiple Choice
The girl ______ sits behind me is very friendly. (A) who (B) which (C) whose (D) where
(A) who — "who" refers to a person and is the subject of the clause.
"I have a neighbor." + "The neighbor always helps me."
Write the sentence on the whiteboard.
I have a neighbor who/that always helps me.
The movie that we watched last night was really scary.
No commas. Restrictive — "that we watched last night" identifies WHICH movie.
Find the adjectival prepositional phrase: "The girl with the pink glasses is my classmate."
"with the pink glasses" — it modifies "girl" (tells us WHICH girl).
Find the appositive: "My dog, a golden retriever, loves to swim."
golden retriever: n. a large dog that has gold or cream-colored fur 黃金獵犬
"a golden retriever" — it renames "my dog."
The cake ______ she made for the party was amazing. (A) who (B) whose (C) where (D) that
(D) that — "that" (or "which" or Ø) refers to a thing and is the object of the clause
"She is reading a book." + "Her brother wrote the book."
Write the sentence on the whiteboard.
She is reading a book that/which/X her brother wrote.
My brother who lives in Kaohsiung is a doctor. (I have three brothers.)
No commas. Restrictive — "who lives in Kaohsiung" tells us WHICH brother (you have more than one).
Find the adjectival infinitive: "She has the courage to speak in front of 500 people."
"to speak in front of 500 people" — it modifies the noun "courage" (tells us what kind of courage).
Commas or no commas? "My brother Kevin called me last night." (I have only one brother.)
Add commas → "My brother, Kevin, called me last night." You have only one brother, so "Kevin" is extra info → non-restrictive.
I know a boy ______ father is a famous YouTuber. (A) who (B) which (C) whose (D) where
(C) whose — shows possession (the father belongs to the boy)
"That is the store." + "I bought my new shoes at the store."
Write the sentence on the whiteboard.
That is the store where I bought my new shoes.
That is the store at which I bought my new shoes.
That is the store that/which/X I bought my new shoes at.
My best friend Amy who loves cats invited me to her house.
Add commas → "My best friend Amy, who loves cats, invited me to her house." "Amy" is already specific, so the clause gives extra info. Non-restrictive.
Is "to win the game" an adjective, noun, or adverb infinitive? "The team practiced hard to win the game."
Adverb infinitive — it shows purpose (= "in order to win the game").
Commas or no commas? "My friend Lisa is coming to visit." (I have many friends.)
No commas. "Lisa" is a restrictive appositive — it tells us WHICH friend (you have many).
Tell me the reason ______ you didn't come to school yesterday.
(A) who (B) where (C) which (D) why
(D) why / that / X — "why" (= for which) follows the noun "reason"
"I have a classmate." + "The classmate's handwriting is beautiful."
Write the sentence on the whiteboard.
I have a classmate whose handwriting is beautiful.
Taylor Swift whose songs are popular around the world is from Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania: n. a state in the northeastern US, whose capital is Harrisburg and whose largest city is Philadelphia (美國)賓夕法尼亞州
Add commas → "Taylor Swift, whose songs are popular around the world, is from Pennsylvania." There is only one Taylor Swift, so it's non-restrictive.
Find the adjectival infinitive AND the adjectival prepositional phrase: "He was the only student in the class to solve the math problem."
Adjectival infinitive: "to solve the math problem" (modifies "student"). Adjectival prepositional phrase: "in the class" (modifies "student").
Combine these two sentences using an appositive: "My father drove me back to school last Sunday. My father's name is James." Write the sentence on the whiteboard.
My father, James, drove me back to school last Sunday.
The park ______ we had our picnic last Sunday is near my school.
(A) which (B) whose (C) where (D) why
where — "where" (= in which) refers to a place
"She didn't tell me the reason." + "She was angry for the reason."
Write the sentence on the whiteboard.
She didn't tell me the reason why she was angry.
She didn't tell me the reason for which she was angry.
She didn't tell me the reason that she was angry.
She didn't tell me the reason she was angry.
I haven't seen my youngest sister who is studying in Taipei for two months.
Add commas → "I haven't seen my youngest sister, who is studying in Taipei, for two months." I have only one youngest sister, so it's non-restrictive.
What are the functions of "from Canada," "to help all the students in her class," and "in her class?" Are they nouns, adjectives, or adverbs?
"The teacher from Canada has a plan to help all the students in her class."
"from Canada" = adjectival prepositional phrase (modifies "teacher").
"to help all the students in her class" = adjectival infinitive (modifies "plan").
"in her class" = adjectival prepositional phrase (modifies "students").
Find the appositive, adjectival prepositional phrase, and adjectival infinitive in this sentence: "My uncle, a math teacher from Tainan, has the ability to explain difficult ideas."
Appositive: "a math teacher from Tainan" (renames "uncle").
Adjectival prep phrase: "from Tainan" (modifies "teacher").
Adjectival infinitive: "to explain difficult ideas" (modifies "ability").